三氟化錳

三氟化锰
	IUPAC名; Manganese(III) fluoride
别名	Manganese trifluoride, manganic fluoride
识别
CAS号	7783-53-1
PubChem	82213
ChemSpider	74193
SMILES	[Mn+3].[F-].[F-].[F-];
InChI	1/3FH.Mn/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3;
InChIKey	SRVINXWCFNHIQZ-DFZHHIFOAX
RTECS	OP0882600
性质
化学式	MnF3
摩尔质量	111.938 g·mol⁻¹
外观	粉紫色粉末
密度	3.54 g/cm3
熔点	> 600 °C (分解)
溶解性（水）	水解
结构
晶体结构	单斜晶系, mS48
空间群	C2/c, No. 15
配位几何	变形八面体
危险性
警示术语	R：8-20/21/22-36/37/38
安全术语	S：17-26-36/37/39
主要危害	有毒烟雾
相关物质
其他阴离子	三氧化二锰、乙酸锰(III)
其他阳离子	三氟化铬、三氟化铁、三氟化钴
相关化学品	二氟化锰、四氟化锰
	若非注明，所有数据均出自一般条件（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

三氟化錳（化學式：Mn F₃）是一种固体，可以用二氟化錳和氟气合成。这种红色略带紫色的固体用作有机化合物（例如烃类）的氟化剂。[1]它也会形成一种水合物。

合成，结构与反应

合成

三氟化錳可以在氟化氢溶液中用二氟化錳和氟气合成：[2]

MnF₂+0.5F₂→MnF₃

也可以在高温250℃用卤化锰和氟之间的反应合成。[3]

结构

在结晶状态下，三氟化錳类似三氟化钒：具有相同M-F分子键长的八面体金属中心。然而，在锰化合物中Mn-F键（距离为1.79﹑1.91﹑2.09Å）因姜-泰勒效应而被扭曲。（也因此单元电池的单斜晶系对抗更高的对称性）[4][5][6]

水合物MnF₃·3H₂O可以通过结晶作用，把MnF₃溶在氢氟酸中得到。这个水合物不寻常，因为它形成了两个不同的结构（[Mn(H₂O)₄F₂]⁺与[Mn(H₂O)₂F₄]^-）且有空间群P2₁/c和P2₁/a。[7]

反应

三氟化錳与氟化钠反应得出八面体六氟砷酸钾阴离子：[3]

3NaF + MnF₃ → Na₃MnF₆

其他反应条件给出化合物MnF₅^2-或MnF₄^-阴离子。这些阴离子分别是链和层结构，并桥接氟。锰在这些物质中保持6坐标﹑八面体和三价。[3]

三氟化錳可以氟化有机化合物，包括芳烃[8]﹑环丁烯[9]和富勒烯。[10]

三氟化錳加热后分解为氟化锰。[11][12]

安全注意事项

跟其他活跃的无机氟化物一样，三氟化錳应存储在聚乙烯瓶，被皮肤接触或放在任何潮湿地区时会因水解而形成氢氟酸。

参见

三氟化钴

参考资料

Burley, G. A.; Taylor, R. "Manganese(III) fluoride" in Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis (Ed: L. Paquette) 2004, J. Wiley & Sons, New York. doi:10.1002/047084289
Z. Mazej. . Journal of Fluorine Chemistry. 2002, 114 (1): 75–80. doi:10.1016/S0022-1139(01)00566-8.
Inorganic chemistry, Catherine E. Housecroft, A.G. Sharpe, pp.711-712, section Manganese (III) , googlebooks link 页面存档备份，存于
Wells, A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-855370-6.
Hepworth, M. A.; Jack, K. H.; Nyholm, R. S. . Nature. 1957, 179 (4552): 211–212. doi:10.1038/179211b0.
M. A. Hepworth, K. H. Jack. . Acta Crystallographica. 1957, 10 (5): 345–351. doi:10.1107/S0365110X57001024.
Structures of two polymorphs of MnF3·3H2O , Michel Molinier and Werner Massa , Journal of Fluorine Chemistry , Volume 57, Issues 1-3, April–June 1992, pp.139-146 , online abstract via www.sciencedirect.com 页面存档备份，存于
Fluorination of p-chlorobenzotrifluoride by manganese trifluoride 页面存档备份，存于 A. Kachanov, V. Kornilov, V.Belogay , Fluorine Notes :Vol. 1 (1) November–December 1998 , via notes.fluorine1.ru
Fluorination of fluoro-cyclobutene with high-valency metal fluoride m Junji Mizukado, Yasuhisa Matsukawa, Heng-dao Quan, Masanori Tamura, Akira Sekiya , Journal of Fluorine Chemistry Volume 127, Issue 1, January 2006, Pages 79-84 , online abstract via www.sciencedirect.com 页面存档备份，存于
Fluorination of the cubic and hexagonal C60 modifications by crystalline manganese trifluoride , Physics of the Solid State , Volume 44, Number 4 , 4/2002 , pp.629-630 , V.É. Aleshina, A.Ya. Borshchevskii, E.V. Skokan, I.V. Arkhangel’skii, A.V. Astakhov, N.B. Shustova , online abstract via www.springerlink 页面存档备份，存于
Manganese; section Manganic Salts 页面存档备份，存于 via www.1911encyclopedia.org
In situ time-resolved X-ray diffraction study of manganese trifluoride thermal decomposition , J.V. Raua, V. Rossi Albertinib, N.S. Chilingarova, S. Colonnab, U. Anselmi Tamburini, Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 4506 (2001) 1–4 , online version 页面存档备份，存于
Bhattacharjee, M. N; Chaudhuri, M. K. . Inorg. Synth. 1990, 27: 312–313. doi:10.1002/9780470132586.ch61.

延伸阅读

Novel syntheses of some binary fluorides: the role of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride Acta Chim. Slov. 1999, 46(2), pp. 229–238, Zoran Mazej, Karel Lutar and Boris Žemva
Knudsen Cell mass spectrometry study of Manganese Trifluoride vaporisation, High temperature corrosion and materials chemistry IV: proceedings of the International Symposium, pp. 521–525, google books 页面存档备份，存于

外部链接

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[1] Burley, G. A.; Taylor, R. "Manganese(III) fluoride" in Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis (Ed: L. Paquette) 2004, J. Wiley & Sons, New York. doi:10.1002/047084289

[mad-2] Z. Mazej. . Journal of Fluorine Chemistry. 2002, 114 (1): 75–80. doi:10.1016/S0022-1139(01)00566-8.

[shap-3] Inorganic chemistry, Catherine E. Housecroft, A.G. Sharpe, pp.711-712, section Manganese (III) , googlebooks link 页面存档备份，存于

[4] Wells, A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-855370-6.

[5] Hepworth, M. A.; Jack, K. H.; Nyholm, R. S. . Nature. 1957, 179 (4552): 211–212. doi:10.1038/179211b0.

[6] M. A. Hepworth, K. H. Jack. . Acta Crystallographica. 1957, 10 (5): 345–351. doi:10.1107/S0365110X57001024.

[7] Structures of two polymorphs of MnF3·3H2O , Michel Molinier and Werner Massa , Journal of Fluorine Chemistry , Volume 57, Issues 1-3, April–June 1992, pp.139-146 , online abstract via www.sciencedirect.com 页面存档备份，存于

[8] Fluorination of p-chlorobenzotrifluoride by manganese trifluoride 页面存档备份，存于 A. Kachanov, V. Kornilov, V.Belogay , Fluorine Notes :Vol. 1 (1) November–December 1998 , via notes.fluorine1.ru

[9] Fluorination of fluoro-cyclobutene with high-valency metal fluoride m Junji Mizukado, Yasuhisa Matsukawa, Heng-dao Quan, Masanori Tamura, Akira Sekiya , Journal of Fluorine Chemistry Volume 127, Issue 1, January 2006, Pages 79-84 , online abstract via www.sciencedirect.com 页面存档备份，存于

[10] Fluorination of the cubic and hexagonal C60 modifications by crystalline manganese trifluoride , Physics of the Solid State , Volume 44, Number 4 , 4/2002 , pp.629-630 , V.É. Aleshina, A.Ya. Borshchevskii, E.V. Skokan, I.V. Arkhangel’skii, A.V. Astakhov, N.B. Shustova , online abstract via www.springerlink 页面存档备份，存于

[11] Manganese; section Manganic Salts 页面存档备份，存于 via www.1911encyclopedia.org

[12] In situ time-resolved X-ray diffraction study of manganese trifluoride thermal decomposition , J.V. Raua, V. Rossi Albertinib, N.S. Chilingarova, S. Colonnab, U. Anselmi Tamburini, Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 4506 (2001) 1–4 , online version 页面存档备份，存于

[13] Bhattacharjee, M. N; Chaudhuri, M. K. . Inorg. Synth. 1990, 27: 312–313. doi:10.1002/9780470132586.ch61.