利哈乔夫汽车厂

AMO ZiL (Avtomobilnoe Moskovskoe Obshchestvo - Zavod Imeni Likhachova)
AMO ZiL (Avtomobilnoe Moskovskoe Obshchestvo - Zavod Imeni Likhachova)
公司類型	股份有限公司
公司前身	AMO (1916-1931); ZiS (1931-1956);
成立	俄羅斯莫斯科(1916年)
總部	俄罗斯莫斯科
产业	汽车
產品	豪华车; 重型公路车; 越野车; 军用车;
网站	www.amo-zil.ru

莫斯科利哈乔夫工厂股份有限公司，简称AMO ZIL或ZiL（俄語：），是俄罗斯一家汽车与重型装备制造厂。

1916的建厂方案

历史

1916年沙俄建设的6家汽车厂之一，时称莫斯科汽车厂 (缩写为AMO，俄語：）。按许可证生产意大利菲亚特的F-15 1.5吨级卡车。虽然到1917年仅完成了三分之二的工程量，但这已是6家中进展最快的一家。由于随后的十月革命与俄国内战，该厂于1924年11月1日生产出第一辆车，AMO-F-15。1926年—1927年工厂只生产425辆汽车。1928年工厂年生产总量只有800辆。

1931年，苏联第一个五年计划期间，该厂得到美国A.J. Brandt Co.的技术改造, 改名为斯大林汽车厂（缩写为ZIS或ZiS）。新建起巨大厂房，面积达120万平方米，工厂占地为500公倾，职工2.5万人，年产能力扩大到2.5万辆，1931年10月21日，新建工厂流水线投产。1931年10月1日起，“阿莫”工厂被命名为斯大林汽车厂，简称“吉斯”工厂。1934年到1937年斯大林汽车厂又进行第二次扩建工程，生产新型的3NC—5载重车。1937年产量超过6万辆。1946年3月工厂进行第三次扩建改造，换型产品，新产品为“吉斯—150”，到1948年末日产达到250辆规模。

1956年6月24日，赫鲁晓夫反个人崇拜运动中，更名为利哈乔夫汽车厂，以其首任总经理伊万·阿列克谢维奇·利哈乔夫命名。

子公司

布良斯克汽车厂生产越野牵引车与底盘，载重14-40吨。

车型

豪华车

ZIS-101 (1936)仿制美国豪华轿车帕克德（Packard）制造出了供政府公务专用的8缸
ZIS-102 (1938, convertible version of ZIS-101)
ZIS-110 (1945年8月) 仿制美国1942年款“派克

超八”。一说该生产线是美国派克公司“派克180”的淘汰生产线。每年的产量只有十几辆手工定制车。“吉斯-110”还有敞篷版本。采用直列8缸汽油发动机，140匹马力，带同步器的3速手动变速箱，油耗为每百公里23升，最高车速能到达140公里。1958年停产时总产量为2083台。

ZIS-115 (ZIS-110的防弹型，车身安装8mm厚的装甲，70mm厚的防弹玻璃，底盘也安装了装甲，能经受反步兵地雷的爆炸冲击，车厢内还有一道可升降的中隔玻璃。自重达到7.5吨。)
ZIL-MZ (prototype sub-compact convertible, 1962)
ZIL-111 (1958)
ZIL-114 (1970)
ZIL-115 (1972)
ZIL-117 (1972, shortened ZIL-114)
ZIL-4102 (prototype, 1988)
ZIL-4104 (1978)
ZIL-4105 (1988, armoured version of ZIL-41047)
ZIL-41041 (1985, five-seat version of ZIL-41047)
ZIL-41042 (station wagon version of ZIL-4104)
ZIL-41044 (convertible version of ZIL-4104)
ZIL-41045 (1983, upgraded ZIL-4104)
ZIL-41047 (1985)
ZIL-41072 (1988, escort version of ZIL-41047)
ZIL-4112 (2005?, concept)
ZIL-4112R (2012)

ZIS-101
ZIS-110
ZIL-111
ZIL-114
ZIL-117
ZIL-4104
ZIL-41047

卡车

ZIL 130

ZIL 5301

ZIL 4331

fire truck AC 3.2-40 (ZiL-4331)

fire truck AC 3,0-40 (ZiL-4334)

AMO-怀特：建厂后依靠维修美国怀特（White）卡车的过程中所积累的经验，自己开始生产载质量为3t的卡车。使用了该厂自己生产的部件及总成，其中一些还是由该厂设计的。
AMO F-15 (1924, 菲亚特F-15的生产许可证)4缸化油器式水冷发动机，使用了磁石点火系统。4挡变速箱。后桥横梁与传动轴壳体设计成一个部件。为了防止车轮内胎的磨损加剧，该车型前轮的半轴角度设计为178°。原来变速器的操作杆及手刹均设置在驾驶室外侧，之后该厂对其作了改动，把它们移至靠近司机的地方，并新配备了蓄电池照明系统及喇叭。
AMO-2 (1930)采用进口的汽车零部件，掌握了生产AMO-2型军用卡车的技术
AMO-3 (1931)
AMO-7 (1932, prototype tractor-trailer based on AMO-3)
ZIS-5：1934年，AMO-3使用了一些新的更为先进的零部件，重新命名为吉斯（ZIS）-5型。可靠性强、维修便利、耐低温性好，6缸化油器发动机，带有蓄电池点火系统。干式双片离合器、4挡变速箱、双级主传动器以及机械传动式刹车装置。1944年，乌拉尔汽车与发动机厂生产的吉斯-5卡车投产，配备了56kW发动机以及轮胎压力更大的新型轮胎。至1948年停产，共生产了532311辆。
ZIS-6 (1934, 引进了美国Autocar的Dispatch Model SA and Model SD)
ZIS-10 (1934, tractor-trailer version of ZIS-5)
ZIS-11 (1934, extra long wheelbase version of ZIS-5)
ZIS-12 (1934, long wheelbase version of ZIS-5)
ZIS-13 (1936, gas generator version of ZIS-5)
ZIS-14 (1934, long wheelbase version of ZIS-5)
ZIS-15 (prototype replacement for ZIS-5, 1938)
ZIS-21 (1939-1941, based on ZIS-5 but powered by wood gas)
ZIS-22 (半履带车, 1939-1941, based on the ZIS-5)
ZIS-23 (three axle prototype based on the ZIS-15)
ZIS-24 (four-wheel-drive prototype based on the ZIS-15)
ZIS-30 (1940, multifuel version of ZIS-5)
ZIS-32 (1941, 4x4 version of the ZIS-5)
ZIS-33 (1940, halftrack, based on the ZIS-5)
ZIS-36 (1944, prototype 6x6 version of ZIS-5)
ZIS-41 (1940, simplified version of ZIS-21)
ZIS-42 (Halftrack, 1942-1944, based on the ZIS-5)
ZIS-43 (1944, armed version of ZIS-42)
ZIS-50 (1946, re-engined ZIS-5)
ZIS-120N (1956, tractor-trailer version of ZIS-150)
ZIS-121 (tractor-trailer version of ZIS-151)
ZIS-128 (1954, prototype for ZIL-131)
ZIS-E134 (1955, prototype off road vehicle)
ZIS-150 (1947，中国引进后为CA-10)
ZIS-151 (1948, ZIS-150的3轴全驱越野型，中国的对应车型为CA-30

)

ZIS-153 (1952?, prototype halftrack based on ZIS-151)
ZIS-156 (1947, gas generator version of ZIS-150)
ZIS-253 (prototype)
ZIS-585 (1949, dump-truck version of ZIS-150)
ZIL-130 (1962, 1987年生产转移给乌拉尔汽车与发动机厂
ZIL-131 (1967,3轴全驱越野型，防水发电机、密封性好的起动机以及屏蔽和密封良好的发动机点火系统，能用于气温在零下40℃至零上55℃。保有量较大，在俄罗斯随处可见。1987年生产转移给乌拉尔汽车与发动机厂
ZIL-132 (1960, prototype off road vehicle)
ZIL-133 (1975, three-axle version of ZIL-130)
ZIL-134 (1957, prototype off road vehicle)
ZIL-135 (1959, prototype off road vehicle) - later built by BAZ
ZIL-136 (1957, prototype off road vehicle)
ZIL-137 (prototype off road tractor-trailer based on ZIL-131)
ZIL-138 (1975, LPG powered version of ZIL-130)
ZIL-157軍卡 (1958，3轴全驱越野型ZiS-150的改进型，具有了轮胎压力中央控制系统)
ZIL-157R (1957, prototype off road vehicle based on ZIL-157)
ZIL-164 (1957, improved ZIS-150)
ZIL-164N (1957, tractor trailer version of ZIL-164)
ZIL-165 (1958, prototype for ZIL-131)
ZIL-166 (1957, gas generator version of ZIL-164)
ZIL-E-167 (1962?)
ZIL-169G (prototype for ZIL-4331)
ZIL-E169A (1964, prototype cab-over truck)
ZIL-170 (1969, prototype for KAMAZ-5320)
ZIL-175 (1969, two-axle version of ZIL-170, prototype for Kamaz)
ZIL-485 (amphibious vehicle based on ZIS-151)
ZIL-553 (cement mixer based on ZIL-164)
ZIL-555 (1964, dump truck based on ZIL-130)
ZIL-585 (1957, dump truck based on ZIL-164)
ZIL-2502 (dump truck based on ZIL-5301)
ZIL-3302 (1992, prototype truck based on ZIL-119)
ZIL-3906
ZIL-4305 (1983, prototype truck based on ZIL-4104)
ZIL-4327 (2004?)
ZIL-4331 (1986)
ZIL-4334 (2004)
ZIL-4514 (dump truck based on ZIL-133)
ZIL-4972
ZIL-5301 "Bychok" ("Bull") (1992)
ZIL-5901 (1970)
ZIL-6404 (1996)
ZIL-6309 (1999)
ZIL-6409 (1999)
ZIL-432720
ZIL-432930 (2003)
ZIL-433180 (2003)
ZIL-436200 (2009)

ZIS-5
BM-13-16 on a ZiS-6 chassis
ZIS-42M
ZIS-150
BM-13-16 on a ZiS-151
ZIL-157
ZIL 130
ZIL-131
ZIL-485 BAV
ZIL-133
BM-27 Uragan on ZIL-135
ZIL 4331
fire truck AC 3.2-40 (ZiL-4331)
fire truck AC 3,0-40 (ZiL-4334)
ZIL 5301 Bychok ("Bull")

大客车

interurban bus ZIS-127

ZIL-119

AKZ-1 (1947-1948, based on ZIS-150 truck)
AMO-4 (1932-1934, based on the AMO-3)
ZIS-lux (prototype, based on the ZIS-6, 1934)
ZIS-8 (1934-1938, 基于ZIS-11)
ZIS-16 (1938-1942, 基于ZIS-5)
ZIS-17 (prototype, based on the ZIS-15, 1939)
ZIS-44 (based on the ZIS-5)
ZIS-127 (1955-1961)
ZIL-129 (short-range version of ZIS-127)
ZIS-154 (1946–1950)
ZIS-155 (1949–1957)
ZIL-118 "Yunost" (1962-1970, based on ZIL-111)
ZIL-119 (1971-1994, based on ZIL-118; also called ZIL-118K)
ZIL-158 (1957-1959, based on ZIL-164)
ZIL-159 (1959, prototype for LiAZ)
ZIL-3207 (1991-1999, based on ZIL-41047)
ZIL-3250 (1998-present, based on ZIL-5301)

ZIS-8
ZIS-154
ZIL-158
ZIL-119

运动型车

ZIS-112 Sports

ZIS-101 Sport (1939)
ZIS-112/1 (1951, based on ZIS-110)
ZIS-112/2 (1956)
ZIS-112/3 (1956)
ZIL-112/4 (1957)
ZIL-112/5 (1957, lengthened ZIL-112/4)
ZIL-112 Sports (1960–62)
ZIL-412 S (1962)

其它

Astronaut Edward T. Lu, having landed with Soyuz TMA-2, is being recovered with a ZIL-49061 vehicle.

B-3 half-tracked transporter
ZIS-152 armored personnel carrier
PES-1 amphibious vehicle (1966)
ZIL-PKU-1 pneumatic tracked off-road vehicle (1965)
ZIL-SHN-1 Amphibious Screw Vehicle (1968)
ZIL-29061 Amphibious Screw Vehicle
ZIL-4904 Amphibious Screw Vehicle
ZIL-49042 prototype for "Bluebird" (1973)
ZIL-4906 (1975?) "Bluebird" 6-wheeled amphibious vehicle, designed to carry the ZIL-2906. Used for the recovery of Soyuz capsules.[1]
ZIL-49061 (1975?) Amphibious rescue vehicle, passenger version of the ZIL-4906. Used for the recovery of Soyuz crews.

参見

苏联第92火炮厂也以斯大林命名(ZiS)
GM "old-look" transit bus: Soviet versions (ZIS-154 & ZIS-155)

参考文献

Zaloga, Steven J., James Grandsen (1984). Soviet Tanks and Combat Vehicles of World War Two, p. 44. London: Arms and Armour Press. ISBN 0-85368-606-8.

Shelepenkov, Maxim. (PDF). [20 May 2013]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014年10月27日）.

外部链接

http://www.bert-hein.de页面存档备份，存于 All about the ZIS-110 and database of existing ZIS cars
Official web-site of ZIL 页面存档备份，存于
History of ZIL at ukcar.com 页面存档备份，存于
History of ZIL at digilander.libero.it 页面存档备份，存于
English website for Russian Military Trucks 页面存档备份，存于
（俄文） History of ZIL at avtomash.ru 页面存档备份，存于

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[1] Shelepenkov, Maxim. (PDF). [20 May 2013]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014年10月27日）.