卡尔巴拉战役

卡尔巴拉战役（Battle of Karbala），公元680年10月10日发生于巴格达西南的卡尔巴拉，穆罕默德的外孙、什叶派领袖侯赛因·本·阿里率领自己的支持者对抗前来镇压的倭马亚王朝叶齐德一世的大军。最终前者全军覆没，阿里之子侯赛因阵亡。

延伸阅读
  • Aghaie, Kamran S. . Seattle & London: University of Washington Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-295-98455-1.
  • Anthony, Sean. . Leiden: E. J. Brill. 2011. ISBN 978-90-04-21606-8.
  • Arjomand, Saïd A. . Leiden: E. J. Brill. 2016. ISBN 9789004326279.
  • Ayoub, Mahmoud. . Hague: Mouton Publishers. 1978. ISBN 90-279-7943-X.
  • Brunner, Rainer. . Bowering, Gerhard; Crone, Patricia; Mirza, Mahan; Kadi, Wadad; Zaman, Muhammad Qasim; Stewart, Devin J. (编). . New Jersey: Princeton University Press: 293. 2013. ISBN 9780691134840.
  • Calmard, Jean. . 1. Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation. 1982 [11 August 2019]. （原始内容存档于2018-09-23）.
  • Calmard, Jean. . 7. Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation. 2004 [11 August 2019]. （原始内容存档于2020-10-08）.
  • Chaudhuri, Supriya. . Dalmia, Vasudha; Sadana, Rashmi (编). . Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. 2012. ISBN 978-0-521-51625-9.
  • Chittick, William C. . . London: The Muhammadi Trsut of Great Britain and Northern Ireland: 3–12. 1986. ISBN 9780710302076.
  • Daftary, Farhad. . Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. 1992. ISBN 978-0-521-42974-0.
  • Dakake, Maria M. . Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. 2007. ISBN 978-0-7914-7033-6.
  • Dixon, Abd al-Ameer A. . London: Luzac. 1971. ISBN 978-0718901493.
  • Donaldson, Dwight M. . London: Luzac. 1933. OCLC 459263076.
  • Donner, Fred M. . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 2010. ISBN 978-0-674-05097-6.
  • Elsie, Robert. . London & New York: I.B. Tauris. 2005. ISBN 9781845110314.
  • Fischer, Michael M. J. . Madison, WI: The University of Wisconsin Press. 2003. ISBN 9780299184735.
  • Fitzpatrick, Coeli; Walker, Adam H. . Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. 2014. ISBN 978-1-61069-178-9.
  • Gölz, Olmo. . Behemoth–A Journal on Civilisation. 2019, 12 (1): 35–51. doi:10.6094/behemoth.2019.12.1.1005.
  • Günther, Sebastian. . Journal of Arabic Literature. 1994, 25 (3): 192–212. doi:10.1163/157006494X00103.
  • Halm, Heinz. . 由Allison Brown翻译 . Princeton: Markus Wiener Publishers. 1997. ISBN 1-55876-134-9.
  • Hanaway Jr., W. L. . Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Pellat, Ch. (编). . Leiden: E. J. Brill: 608–609. 1991. ISBN 978-90-04-08112-3.
  • Template:The First Dynasty of Islam
  • Hawting, Gerald R. . Bearman, P. J.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. (编). . Leiden: E. J. Brill. 2002. ISBN 978-90-04-12756-2.
  • Haywood, J. A. . Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Pellat, Ch. (编). . Leiden: E. J. Brill: 610–612. 1991. ISBN 978-90-04-08112-3.
  • Hitti, Philip K. . Princeton: D. Van Nostrand Company. 1961. ISBN 9781258452452.
  • Howard, I. K. A. . . London: The Muhammadi Trsut of Great Britain and Northern Ireland: 124–142. 1986. ISBN 9780710302076.
  • Template:The History of al-Tabari
  • Hyder, Syed Akbar. . Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-19-537302-8.
  • Jafri, S. M. . London and New York: Longman. 1979. ISBN 9780582780804.
  • Kennedy, Hugh N. . London: Routledge. 2001 [2020-01-04]. ISBN 0-415-25093-5. （原始内容存档于2019-12-28）.
  • Kennedy, Hugh N. Second. Harlow: Pearson-Longman. 2004 [2020-01-04]. ISBN 9780582405257. （原始内容存档于2020-07-21）.
  • Lammens, Henri. . Houtsma, M. Th.; Wesinck, A. J.; Arnold, T. W.; Heffening, W.; Lévi-Provençal, E. (编). 2. Leiden: E. J. Brill: 274. 1927. OCLC 1008303874.
  • Lammens, Henri. . Beirut: Imprimerie Catholique Beyrouth. 1921. OCLC 474534621 （法语）.
  • Lewis, Bernard. . Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-164716-1.
  • Madelung, Wilferd. . Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. 1997. ISBN 0-521-64696-0.
  • Madelung, Wilferd. . 7. Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation. 2004 [11 August 2019]. （原始内容存档于2012-09-30）.
  • Nakash, Yitzhak. . Die Welt des Islams. 1993, 33 (2): 161–181. doi:10.1163/157006093X00063.
  • Norris, H. T. . Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press. 1993. ISBN 9780872499775.
  • Pinault, David. . New York: Palgrave. 2001. ISBN 978-1-349-61982-5.
  • Sachedina, Abdulaziz A. . Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. 1981. ISBN 978-0-87395-442-6.
  • Schimmel, Annemarie. . Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. 1975. ISBN 978-0-8078-1271-6.
  • Schimmel, Annemarie. . . London: The Muhammadi Trsut of Great Britain and Northern Ireland: 29–39. 1986. ISBN 9780710302076.
  • Sindawi, Khalid. . Quaderni di Studi Arabi. 2002, 20–21: 79–104. JSTOR 25802958.
  • Sharon, Moshe. . Jerusalem: JSAI. 1983. ISBN 978-965-223-501-5.
  • Thackston, Wheeler M. . Bethesda: IBEX Publishers. 1994. ISBN 9780936347509.
  • Vaglieri, L. Veccia. . Lewis, B.; Ménage, V. L.; Pellat, Ch.; Schacht, J. (编). . Leiden: E. J. Brill: 240–243. 1971. OCLC 495469525.
  • Vaglieri, L. Veccia. . Lewis, B.; Ménage, V. L.; Pellat, Ch.; Schacht, J. (编). . Leiden: E. J. Brill: 607–615. 1971. OCLC 495469525.
  • Wellhausen, Julius. . Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung. 1901. OCLC 453206240 （德语）.
  • Template:The Arab Kingdom and its Fall
  • Yildirim, Riza. . Journal of Persianate Studies. 2015, 8 (2): 127–154. doi:10.1163/18747167-12341289.
  • Zakeri, Mohsen. . Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. 1995. ISBN 978-3-447-03652-8.

參考文獻
  • al-Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir, History of the Prophets and Kings; Volume XIX The Caliphate of Yazid b. Muawiyah, translated by I.K.A Howard, SUNY Press, 1991, ISBN 0-7914-0040-9.
  • Kennedy, Hugh, The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State, Routledge, 2001.
  • al-Muqarram, Abd al Razzaq, Maqtal al-Husayn, Martyrdom Epic of Imam al-Husayn, translated by Yasin T. Al-Jibouri, pub Al-Kharsan Foundation for Publications, originally published Qum, circa 1990. (al-Muqarram was born in 1899 and died in 1971—author's biography. This is a 20th-century book—see Islamic Historiography, by Chase F. Robinson, p. 35.)

外部連結
维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：卡尔巴拉战役
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.