夏季奥林匹克运动会游泳比赛
夏季奥林匹克运动会的游泳比赛从1896年第一届奥运会开始就是正式比赛项目。在这个项目中,澳大利亚和美国具有较大的优势。
夏季奥林匹克运动会游泳比赛 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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管理組織 | FINA | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
項目 | 34(男子:17;女子:17) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
賽事 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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獎牌得主 · 紀錄 |
在1896年夏季奥林匹克运动会上,游泳比赛不分泳姿,只有100公尺、500公尺、1200公尺3个项目。1900年第2届奥运会时,将仰式分出;1904年第3届奥运会时,又分出蛙式。1912年第5届奥运会时,女子游泳被列为比赛项目。1956年夏季奥林匹克运动会又增加了蝶式。到目前为止,共有6大项32个小项。
在奥运会游泳比赛上,男子和女子各有16个比赛项目,除了男子是1500公尺自由式,女子是800公尺自由式以外,其他项目男女一样。奥运会目前正式比赛项目有四种泳姿:自由式,仰式,蛙式和蝶式。其中仰式,蛙式和蝶式的比赛距离为100公尺到200公尺之间,自由式则分50公尺,100公尺,200公尺和400公尺,以及女子800公尺和男子1500公尺。
个人混合式的长度有200公尺和400公尺两种,运动员必须在比赛过程中分别使用四种不同的泳姿游相同的距离,顺序依次是蝶式,仰式,蛙式和自由式。而在混合式接力项目中,四名运动员也必须分别使用不同的泳姿,顺序则是仰式,蛙式,蝶式和自由式。其他的接力项目还有4x100公尺和4x200公尺自由式接力。
奥运会游泳比赛使用的是50公尺长的标准池,所有距离在50公尺以上的比赛都必须在途中折返。
比赛时,任何一个运动员在出发时如果有错误都会被取消比赛资格。接力比赛中,如果任何一个运动员在他的队友触壁前0.03秒之前离开出发台的话,这个队将被自动取消比赛资格,除非犯规队员回到起点重新开始。
男子項目
當前規劃 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
項目 | 96 | 00 | 04 | 08 | 12 | 20 | 24 | 28 | 32 | 36 | 48 | 52 | 56 | 60 | 64 | 68 | 72 | 76 | 80 | 84 | 88 | 92 | 96 | 00 | 04 | 08 | 12 | 16 | 20 | 年分 |
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50 metres freestyle | X[1] | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||
100 metres freestyle | X | X[1] | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 28 | |
200 metres freestyle | X | X[1] | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 15 | |||||||||||||
400 metres freestyle | X[1] | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 27 | ||
800 metre freestyle | X[1] | X | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1500 metre freestyle | X[1] | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 27 | ||
100 metre backstroke | X[1] | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 26 | |||
200 metre backstroke | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 16 | |||||||||||||
100 metre breaststroke | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 14 | |||||||||||||||
200 metre breaststroke | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 26 | |||
100 metre butterfly | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 14 | |||||||||||||||
200 metre butterfly | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 17 | ||||||||||||
200 metre individual medley | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 12 | |||||||||||||||||
400 metre individual medley | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 15 | ||||||||||||||
4 × 100 metre freestyle relay | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 13 | ||||||||||||||||
4 × 200 metre freestyle relay | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 26 | |||
4 × 100 metre medley relay | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 16 | |||||||||||||
Marathon 10 km | X | X | X | X | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
過往項目 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
項目 | 96 | 00 | 04 | 08 | 12 | 20 | 24 | 28 | 32 | 36 | 48 | 52 | 56 | 60 | 64 | 68 | 72 | 76 | 80 | 84 | 88 | 92 | 96 | 00 | 04 | 08 | 12 | 16 | 20 | 年分 |
500 metre freestyle | X | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1000 metre freestyle | X | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1200 metre freestyle | X | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
4000 metre freestyle | X | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
400 metre breaststroke | X[1] | X | X | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
4 × 50 yard freestyle relay | X[1] | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
200 metre team swimming | X | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
200 metre obstacle event | X | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Underwater swimming | X | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
100 metre freestyle for sailors | X | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
項目 | 4 | 7 | 9 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 15 | 15 | 13 | 13 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 |
女子項目
當前規劃 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
項目 | 96 | 00 | 04 | 08 | 12 | 20 | 24 | 28 | 32 | 36 | 48 | 52 | 56 | 60 | 64 | 68 | 72 | 76 | 80 | 84 | 88 | 92 | 96 | 00 | 04 | 08 | 12 | 16 | 20 | 年分 |
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50 metre freestyle | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 9 | ||||||||||||||||||||
100 metre freestyle | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 25 | ||||
200 metre freestyle | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 14 | |||||||||||||||
400 metre freestyle | X[2] | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 24 | |||||
800 metre freestyle | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 14 | |||||||||||||||
1500 metre freestyle | X | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
100 metre backstroke | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 23 | ||||||
200 metre backstroke | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 14 | |||||||||||||||
100 metre breaststroke | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 14 | |||||||||||||||
200 metre breaststroke | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 23 | ||||||
100 metre butterfly | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 17 | ||||||||||||
200 metre butterfly | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 14 | |||||||||||||||
200 metre individual medley | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 12 | |||||||||||||||||
400 metre individual medley | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 15 | ||||||||||||||
4 × 100 metre freestyle relay | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 25 | ||||
4 × 200 metre freestyle relay | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
4 × 100 metre medley relay | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 16 | |||||||||||||
Marathon 10 km | X | X | X | X | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
項目 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 |
奖牌榜
更新至2016年奥运会
排名 | 国家/地区 | 金牌 | 银牌 | 铜牌 | 總數 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 246 | 172 | 135 | 553 | |
2 | 60 | 64 | 64 | 188 | |
3 | 38 | 32 | 22 | 92 | |
4 | 28 | 25 | 20 | 73 | |
5 | 22 | 26 | 32 | 80 | |
6 | 21 | 18 | 19 | 58 | |
7 | 16 | 28 | 30 | 74 | |
8 | 13 | 19 | 11 | 43 | |
9 | 13 | 18 | 28 | 59 | |
10 | 12 | 21 | 26 | 59 | |
11 | 9 | 15 | 14 | 38 | |
12 | 8 | 15 | 25 | 48 | |
13 | 8 | 15 | 20 | 43 | |
14 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 18 | |
15 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 10 | |
16 | 5 | 9 | 9 | 23 | |
17 | 5 | 5 | 11 | 21 | |
18 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 10 | |
19 | 3 | 5 | 14 | 22 | |
20 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 14 | |
21 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 9 | |
22 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 4 | |
23 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 7 | |
24 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 8 | |
25 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 8 | |
26 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 | |
27 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 | |
28 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 11 | |
29 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 12 | |
30 | 1 | 4 | 9 | 14 | |
31 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 8 | |
32 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 6 | |
33 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 4 | |
34 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 | |
35 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | |
36 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | |
1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||
38 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | |
39 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | |
1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | ||
41 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||
44 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 | |
45 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | |
46 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 | |
47 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||
49 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
52 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | |
53 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
Total | 557 | 554 | 555 | 1666 |
參見
註記
- Distances at the 1904 Olympics were measured in yards rather than metres. The 50 yard freestyle was 45.7 metres and the 100 yard freestyle and backstroke races were 91.4 metres. The 220, 440, and 880 yard freestyle races were 201, 402, and 805 metres, respectively. Instead of a 1500 metre race, there was a 1 mile race which made for 1609 metres. The 440 yard breaststroke, like the freestyle, was 402 metres. The relay, 4 × 50 yards, was 4 × 45.7 metres.
- In 1920, the women's event was 300 metres.
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