奥里诺科河
奥里诺科河(西班牙語:),是南美洲主要河流之一,全长2,410公里,流域面积88万平方公里。南美洲第三大河,仅次于亚马孙河及巴拉那河。
奧里諾科河 Orinoco | |
---|---|
委内瑞拉河段 | |
国家 | 委內瑞拉、 哥伦比亚 |
长度 | 2,410 km(1,498 mi) |
流域 | 880,000 km²(339,770 mi²) |
水源 | |
-地点 | Cerro Delgado-Chalbaud、帕里马、委内瑞拉 |
-坐标 | 02°19′05″N 63°21′42″W |
-海拔 | |
河口 | |
-地点 | 大西洋、委内瑞拉 |
-海拔 | |
| |
地理
奥里诺科河发源于委内瑞拉南部靠近巴西的帕里马山脉,上游向西北流去,并向南分出卡西基亚雷河注入内格罗河,从而直接沟通亚马孙河水系。流至Raudales de Guaharibos后进入中游,在圣费尔南多转而折向北,成为哥伦比亚和委内瑞拉的界河。自梅塔河注入后进入下游,自帕埃斯港起转而折向东北,最终注入加勒比海帕里亚湾。全河呈半圆形绕过圭亚那高原。
克里斯托弗·哥伦布在1498年8月1日首次发现奥里诺科河河口,但是其源头最终于1959年方才得到确认。奥里诺科河河口地区是重要的石油和沥青产区。
参考资料
- Stark, James H. 1897. Stark's Guide-Book and History of Trinidad including Tobago, Granada, and St. Vincent; also a trip up the Orinoco and a description of the great Venezuelan Pitch Lake. Boston, James H. Stark, publisher; London, Sampson Low, Marston & Company. (This book has an excellent description of a trip up the Orinoco as far as en:Ciudad Bolívar and a detailed description of the Venezuelan en:Pitch Lake situated on the western side of the Gulf of Paria opposite.)
- MacKee, E.D., Nordin, C.F. and D. Perez-Hernandez (1998). "The Waters and Sediments of the Rio Orinoco and its major Tributaries, Venezuela and Colombia." United States Geological Survey water-supply paper, ISSN 0083; 2326/A-B. Washington: United States Government Printing Office.
- Weibezahn, F.H., Haymara, A. and M.W. Lewis (1990). The Orinoco River as an ecosystem. Caracas: Universidad Simon Bolivar.
- Rawlins, C.B. (1999). The Orinoco River. New York: Franklin Watts.
扩展阅读
- . Encyclopaedia Britannica. [11 April 2020]. (原始内容存档于2019-03-23).
- . Diccionario Etimológico Español en Línea. [11 April 2020].
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