最小質量恆星列表

恆星質量是恆星最重要的一個要素。質量加上化學成分能確定一顆恆星的光度、實際上的大小和最後的命運。列在表上的恆星質量都小於1倍太陽質量，包括棕矮星與紅矮星。研究顯示大於13倍木星質量的天體會發生氘核聚變，而大於65倍木星質量的天體會產生鋰聚變，因此恆星的質量不會低於13倍木星質量[1]。棕矮星是類恆星天體的一種，它們是所謂「失敗的恆星」（Failed Star），由於質量不足，不能像正常恆星那樣通過氫核聚變維持光度，無法成為主序星。但它們的內部及表面均呈對流狀態，不同的化學物質並不會在內部分層存在。研究表明褐矮星為處於13倍木星質量與75－80倍木星質量之間的天體。[2]

太陽與紅矮星、棕矮星、木星之間的比較。

這是一份有關最小質量恆星的列表，依木星質量與太陽質量的多寡來依序排列。

小質量恆星的種類

紅矮星（左）與太陽（右）的大小。

黑矮星

黑矮星（）是一顆白矮星在溫度低到不再能發出可以被偵測到的光或熱時的狀態。因為目前宇宙還沒有觀測到黑矮星存在，因此其質量不明。[3]

棕矮星

棕矮星（）是一種小質量恆星。它們就是「失敗的恆星」。由於質量不足，不能像其他恆星通過氫核聚變維持光度，因此無法成為主序星，並導致其質量較低。棕矮星的質量為13倍至80倍木星質量，即太陽質量的0.01至0.08倍。[2]

紅矮星

紅矮星（）是一種質量較小、溫度較低的恆星[1]，其質量是太陽質量的0.075至0.5倍。[4]

橙矮星

橙矮星（），是較為接近太陽質量的恆星種類，其質量是太陽質量的0.5至0.8倍。[5]

黃矮星

黃矮星（），是最接近太陽質量的恆星種類。這些恆星的質量大約在0.8至1.0太陽質量[5]。太陽也是一個黃矮星。[6]

白矮星

白矮星（），是低質量恆星演化階段的最終產物。這些恆星的質量大於1太陽質量。[7]

列表

太陽（左上）、低質量的恆星（左中）、棕矮星（右中）、木星（右下）

棕矮星（左）與土星（右）的比較

OGLE-TR-122（中）與八大行星的比較

格利泽229A與B的照片，該系統距離地球約19光年。

2M1207與2M1207b的照片，該系統距離地球約173光年。

**最小質量恆星的列表**（紅色為M型主序星，深棕色為T棕矮星，浅棕色为L型棕矮星，橘色為K型主序星，蓝色为A B O型蓝矮星）
恆星名稱	太陽質量	木星質量	光谱类型	參考文獻
木星（非恒星，参照物）	0.00096	1	行星	[8]
蝘蜓座110913-773444	0.009	8	T	[9]
OTS 44	0.013	15	T	[10]
蛇夫座1622 A	0.014	15.5	T	[11]
蛇夫座1622 B	0.016	17.5	T	[11]
格利泽229	0.021	25	T	[12]
2M1207	0.021	25	T	[13]
印第安座εB	0.024	28	T	[14]
HD 98230B	0.037	39	L	[15]
Teide 1	0.041	43	L	[16]
印第安座εA	0.045	47	L	[14]
沃夫424B	0.050	52	L	[14]
葛利斯570D	0.050	52	L	[14]
LP 944-020	0.056	58	L	[17]
2MASS 0415-0935	0.060	63	L	[18]
Wolf 424A	0.060	63	L	[19]
DENIS 1048-0039	0.065	68	L	[20]
2MASS 1835+3259	0.070	75	L	[18]
DENIS 0255-4700	0.070	75	L	[20]
格利泽1245C	0.074	79	L	[21]
2MASS 0532+8246	0.077	81	M9.5	[18]
LHS 3003（GJ 3877）	0.077	81	M9.5	[22]
格利澤165B	0.080	84	M9	[23]
格利澤623B	0.080	84	M9	[23]
LHS 1070B	0.080	84	M9	[24]
LHS 1070C	0.080	84	M9	[24]
羅斯614B	0.080	84	M9	[17]
蒂加登星	0.080	84	M9	[17]
VB 10	0.080	84	M9	[25]
Gl 105C	0.082	86	M9	[26]
LHS 292	0.083	87	M8	[17]
LP 731-058	0.083	87	M8	[17]
巨蟹座DX	0.087	91	M7	[17]
VB 8	0.088	92	M7	[27]
劍魚座ABC	0.089	93	M7	[28]
OGLE-TR-122b	0.091	96	M6.5	[29]
沃夫 359	0.1	105	M4	[17]
太陽	1.0	1042	G2	[30]
天狼星	2.32	2436	A2	[31]
参宿七	17	------	B8	[32]
参宿一	28	------	09.5	[33]
R136a1	300	------	O6-Ia0	[34]

堰蜓座110913-773444

蝘蜓座110913-773444比之前所知最小的棕矮星OTS 44還要小，質量祇有8倍木星質量，甚至比一些太陽系外行星還小。科學家對這個天體的分類還沒有取得共識，所以堰蜓座110913-773444可能是一顆次棕矮星或是一顆流浪行星。[9]

參見

參考

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Boss, Alan. . Carnegie Institution of Washington. 2001-04-03 [2006-06-08]. （原始内容存档于2006-09-28）.
§3, Heger, A.; Fryer, C. L.; Woosley, S. E.; Langer, N.; Hartmann, D. H. . Astrophysical Journal. 2003, 591 (1): 288–300. Bibcode:2003ApJ...591..288H. arXiv:astro-ph/0212469. doi:10.1086/375341.
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[richmond-1] Richmond, Michael. . Rochester Institute of Technology. November 10, 2004 [2007-09-19].

[brown_dwarf-2] Boss, Alan. . Carnegie Institution of Washington. 2001-04-03 [2006-06-08]. （原始内容存档于2006-09-28）.

[3] §3, Heger, A.; Fryer, C. L.; Woosley, S. E.; Langer, N.; Hartmann, D. H. . Astrophysical Journal. 2003, 591 (1): 288–300. Bibcode:2003ApJ...591..288H. arXiv:astro-ph/0212469. doi:10.1086/375341.

[aaa496_3_787-4] Reiners, A.; Basri, G. . Astronomy and Astrophysics. March 2009, 496 (3): 787–790. Bibcode:2009A&A...496..787R. arXiv:0901.1659. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200811450.

[hh-5] Empirical bolometric corrections for the main-sequence, G. M. H. J. Habets and J. R. W. Heintze, Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement 46 (November 1981), pp. 193–237.

[6] Why Does The Sun Shine?, lecture, Barbara Ryden, Astronomy 162, Ohio State University, accessed on line June 19, 2007.

[7] Henry, T. J. . Research Consortium On Nearby Stars. 1 January 2009 [21 July 2010]. （原始内容存档于2012年5月13日）.

[ssd-constants-8] . JPL Solar System Dynamics. 2009-02-27 [2007-08-08].

[Cha110913-9] Whitney Clavin. . NASA. 2005-11-29 [2006-03-26].

[apj620_1_L51-10] Luhman, K. L.; 等, , The Astrophysical Journal, February 2005, 620 (1): L51–L54, Bibcode:2005ApJ...620L..51L, arXiv:astro-ph/0502100, doi:10.1086/428613

[Luhman-11] Luhman, K. L.; Allers, K. N.; Jaffe, D. T.; Cushing, M. C.; Williams, K. A.; Slesnick, C. L.; Vacca, W. D., , The Astrophysical Journal, April 2007, 659 (2): 1629–1636, Bibcode:2007ApJ...659.1629L, arXiv:astro-ph/0701242, doi:10.1086/512539

[aaa505-12] Zechmeister, M.; Kürster, M.; Endl, M. . Astronomy and Astrophysics. October 2009, 505 (2): 859–871. Bibcode:2009A&A...505..859Z. arXiv:0908.0944. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200912479.

[mamajek-13] "The Distance to the 2M1207 System" 页面存档备份，存于, Eric Mamajek, November 8, 2007. Accessed on line June 15, 2008.

[aaa404-14] Demory, B.-O.; et al. . Astronomy and Astrophysics. October 2009, 505 (1): 205–215. Bibcode:2009A&A...505..205D. arXiv:0906.0602. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200911976.

[15] SIMBAD query result HD 98230B

[Teide1-16] Mid-IR Observations of the Pleiades Brown Dwarfs Teide 1 & Calar 3 (Leech 2000)

[RECONS_TOP100-17] Research Consortium on Nearby Stars, Georgia State University. . RECONS. January 1, 2012 [2012-06-11]. （原始内容存档于2012年5月13日）.

[Simbad-18] . SIMBAD. Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg. [2012-11-24].

[aj117_1_562-19] Torres, Guillermo; et al. . The Astronomical Journal. January 1999, 117 (1): 562–573. Bibcode:1999AJ....117..562T. doi:10.1086/300708.

[Denis-20] . [2013-10-21]. （原始内容存档于2013-10-21）.

[21] The nearest stars: V1581 Cygni

[22] Our Stellar Neighborhood: LHS 3003

[Gliese-23] Barbieri; De Marchi, G.; Nota, A.; Corrain, G.; Hack, W.; Ragazzoni, R.; MacChetto, D.; 等. . Astronomy and Astrophysics (PDF). 1996, 315 (1): 418–420. Bibcode:1996A&A...315..418B.

[LHS_1070-24] Determining the individual masses in triple system LHS 1070

[disc-25] Pravdo; 等. (PDF). Submitted to the Astrophysical Journal. June 2009 [2009-05-30]. Bibcode:2009ApJ...700..623P. arXiv:0906.0544. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/700/1/623. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2009-06-04）.

[van_Belle2009-26] van Belle, Gerard T.; von Braun, Kaspar. . The Astrophysical Journal. 2009, 694 (2): 1085–1098. Bibcode:2009ApJ...694.1085V. arXiv:0901.1206. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/694/2/1085.

[Biesbroeck-27] van Biesbroeck, G. . The Astronomical Journal. August 1944, 51: 61–62. Bibcode:1944AJ.....51...61V. doi:10.1086/105801.

[aar17_3_251-28] Strassmeier, Klaus G., , The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review, September 2009, 17 (3): 251–308, Bibcode:2009A&ARv..17..251S, doi:10.1007/s00159-009-0020-6

[xit-29] A planet-sized transiting star around OGLE-TR-122. Accurate mass and radius near the hydrogen-burning limit, F. Pont, C. H. F. Melo, F. Bouchy, S. Udry, D. Queloz, M. Mayor, and N. C. Santos, Astronomy and Astrophysics 433, #2 (April 11, 2005), pp. L21–L24.

[30] Adams, F. C.; Laughlin, G.; Graves, G. J. M. (PDF). Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica. 2004, 22: 46–49. Bibcode:2004RMxAC..22...46A. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-26）.

[Qiu2001-31] Qiu, H. M.; Zhao, G.; Chen, Y. Q.; Li, Z. W. . The Astrophysical Journal. 2001, 548 (2): 953–965. Bibcode:2001ApJ...548..953Q. doi:10.1086/319000.

[apj2012_749_74-32] Moravveji, Ehsan; Moya, Andres; Guinan, Edward F., , The Astrophysical Journal, April 2012, 749 (1): 74–84, Bibcode:2012ApJ...749..74M, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/749/1/74

[Remie82-33] Remie H, Lamers HJGLM. . Astronomy and Astrophysics. 1982, 105 (1): 85–97 [2007-12-13]. Bibcode:1982A&A...105...85R.

[arxiv-34] Crowther, Paul A.; Schnurr, Olivier; Hirschi, Raphael; Yusof, Norhasliza; Parker, Richard J.; Goodwin, Simon P.; Kassim, Hasan Abu. . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2010, 408 (2): 731–751. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.408..731C. arXiv:1007.3284. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17167.x.