有教無類法案
有教无类法案(No Child Left Behind Act of 2001,Public Law 107-110),又譯為不讓任何孩子落後法案,简称为NCLB,是2002年1月8日由美國總統喬治·沃克·布希签署的一项美国联邦法律,该法案的措施的效力和愿望仍在引起热烈的辩论。
教师
不让任何孩子落后法案要求到2005-2006学年末,所有教师达到法案所定义的“非常合格”——完成州证明和执照。新教师必须满足以下条件:
- 至少拥有学士学位
- 小学教师必须通过全州考试,证明其阅读/语言艺术、写作、数学等小学课程基础领域的学科知识和教学技能。
- 中学教师必须通过全州任教学科考试
其他教师必须拥有学士学位,并通过全州的学科知识和教学技能考试。这些要求引起了许多辩论,特别是对于特殊教育教师和小型乡村学校的教师难以执行,他们常常要同时教许多年级和科目。更多信息参见美国教育部网站:教师指南
学生考试
全国所有3-8年级学生每年必须接受各州政府的阅读和数学统考。到2007-2008学年末,3–5、6–9、10-11年级将各进行一次理科统考。
公立学校择校
也称School of Choice,各学校必须在一学年内取得规定的进步,否则学生可以要求转学。国会后来,大幅度增长投资,为学区提供资金,以执行法律的父母择校需求。
年度进步评估
NCLB在每年会对学校通过标准化测试的方法进行评估,这称为Adequately Yearly Progress(AYP),无法通过这项评估的学校会收到各种强制补救措施,比方增加财政投入、加强教师培训、学校托管甚至是关闭学校。
名称由来
该法案名称的最可能的来源是the liberal advocacy group Children's Defense Fund(CDF)的格言,“不让任何孩子落后。”("Leave No Child Behind.")这个CDF的座右铭本身最可能来源于美國陸軍遊騎兵的座右铭:“不让任何一个人被落下。”("Leave No Man Behind.")
参考文献
外部链接
- 美国国家教育协会 “不让任何孩子落后”/初等和中等教育法(英文) (国家教育协会的立场)
- 泰德·肯尼迪参议员支持修订《不让任何孩子落后法案》(英文), 2007年3月
- NCLB之声 (受此法影响的教育者的众多评论和意见)(英文)
- "No Child Left" is a site and journal opposed to NCLB and highly critical of its approach to schools.
- School Ranking Data based on NCLB (subscription required)
- NCLB Desktop Reference (147 pages)
- NCLB Desktop Reference (online version, includes Microsoft documents and PDF links)
- Text of No Child Left Behind Act
- No Child Left Behind: Testing, Reporting, and Accountability
- Remarks by President Bush at signing ceremony
- Facts About NCLB Funding
- Implications of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 for Teacher Education
- Read Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports regarding the No Child Left Behind Act
- National Institute for Literacy
- Pros & Cons of the No Child Left Behind Act, at About.com
- Analysis of NCLB
- Comments by Secretary of Education
- No Child Left Behind: Misguided Accountability System for English Language Learners
- Linda Perlstein, The Nation 21 October 2004,"The Issue Left Behind"
- "White House paid commentator to promote law", 7 January 2005,Greg Toppo, USA Today
- President Discusses No Child Left Behind and High School Initiatives,Speech text and video, 12 January 2005
- "The ABCs of AYP" Explanation of the NCLB accountability system from The Education Trust
- No Child Left Behind at Wikia
- Mississippi Teacher Corps Focus Paper on No Child Left Behind
- Military Free Zone Reveals some of the darker sides of the NCLB Act
- Center for Education Reform website Promoting charter schools and other reforms
- Educational Underwriters Incorporated Non-profit organization which certifies the research backing educational products as NCLB compliant.
- National Center for Fair & Open Testing (FairTest)
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.