梭法螺属

梭法螺属（學名：），又名象法螺屬[2]或嵌線螺屬[3]，是法螺科嵌線螺亞科之下的一個屬，包括從小型到大型的掠食性海螺，是一個海洋腹足綱軟體動物的分類單元[1]。

梭法螺属
化石时期：始新世 - 現在
PreЄ
一隻在印尼阿洛島附近出現的梭法螺属物種
科学分类
界： 动物界 Animalia
门： 軟體動物門 Mollusca
纲： 腹足纲 Gastropoda
目： 玉黍螺目 Littorinimorpha
科： 嵌線螺科 Cymatiidae
属： 梭法螺属 Cymatium
Röding, 1798
模式种
Murex femorale
Linnaeus, 1758
異名[1]
  • Cymatium (Linatella) Gray, 1857
  • Linatella Gray, 1857
  • Lotorium Montfort, 1810
  • Luterium Herrmannsen, 1846 (emendation of Lotorium Montfort, 1810)
  • Nyctilochus Gistel, 1848
  • Tritocurrus Lesson, 1842

本屬物種繁多，有差不多一百種，遍佈世界各地。因此有貝殼學家將本屬物種再細分為十個亞屬，也有建議將部分亞屬提升至屬級，但這些建議到現在都未有公論。

化石紀錄

本屬的化石紀錄已知從始新世到第四紀（距今：從5580到1.2萬年前）[4]。

形態描述

這些海螺雌雄異體，會產下卵筴[5]。 孵化後，幼蟲有一個浮游生物階段，可以（在某些物種中）持續數月; 這是在某些物種中看到的廣泛分佈，因為在沉降到海底之前可以將浮游幼蟲攜帶很遠的距離。

分類

亞屬

目前本屬有至少十個亞屬[6]，部分亞屬有學者建議提升至屬級。不管如何，這些亞屬或屬都詳列如下：

  • Cymatium Röding, 1798, type species: Cymatium femorale
  • 毛螺亞屬 Monoplex G. Perry, 1811, type species: Cymatium parthenopeum
  • Gelagna Schaufuss, 1869, type species: Cymatium succinctum
  • Ranularia Schumacher, 1817, type species: Cymatium gutturnium
  • Gutturnium Mørch, 1852, type species: Cymatium muricinum
  • Reticutriton Habe and Kosuge, 1966：模式屬：Cymatium pfeifferianum
  • Linatella Gray, 1868, type species: Cymatium cutaceum
  • Lotoria Emerson and Old, 1963, type species: Cymatium perryi
  • 籬螺亞屬 {{link-en|籬螺屬|Septa (gastropod)|Septa]] Perry, 1810：模式種為Septa rubecula，被WoRMS提升至屬級。
  • Turritriton Dall, 1904, type species: Cymatium gibbosum

物種

根據World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS)，本屬目前包括下列物種[1]：

異名物種
  • Cymatium aegrotum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Ranularia gallinago (Reeve, 1844)
  • Cymatium aquatile (Reeve, 1844) : synonym of Monoplex aquatilis (Reeve, 1844)
  • Cymatium cingulatum (Lamarck, 1822): synonym of Linatella caudata (Gmelin, 1791)
  • Cymatium clandestinum (Lamarck, 1816): synonym of Gelagna succincta (Linnaeus, 1771)
  • Cymatium closeli Beu, 1987: synonym of Septa closeli (Beu, 1987)
  • Cymatium comptum (A. Adams, 1855) : synonym of Monoplex comptus (A. Adams, 1855)
  • Cymatium corrugatum (Lamarck, 1816);: synonym of Monoplex corrugatus (Lamarck, 1816)
  • Cymatium cutaceum (Lamarck, 1816): synonym of Linatella caudata (Gmelin, 1791)
  • Cymatium cynocephalum (Lamarck, 1816) : synonym of Ranularia cynocephala (Lamarck, 1816)
  • Cymatium doliarium Lamarck: synonym of Cabestana dolaria (Linnaeus, 1767)
  • Cymatium durbanensis (E.A. Smith, 1899): synonym of Monoplex durbanensis (E.A. Smith, 1899)
  • Cymatium exaratum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Monoplex exaratus (Reeve, 1844)
  • Cymatium exaratum durbanense (E. A. Smith, 1899): synonym of Cymatium exaratum (Reeve, 1844) accepted as Monoplex exaratus (Reeve, 1844)
  • 秀美象法螺 Cymatium exile: synonym of Ranularia exilis (Reeve, 1844)
  • Cymatium gallinago (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Ranularia gallinago (Reeve, 1844)
  • Cymatium gemmatum Reeve: synonym of Monoplex gemmatus (Reeve, 1844)
  • Cymatium gibbosum (Broderip, 1833): synonym of Turritriton gibbosus (Broderip, 1833)
  • Cymatium grandimaculatum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Lotoria grandimaculata (Reeve, 1844)
  • Cymatium hepaticum (Röding, 1798): synonym of Septa hepatica (Röding, 1798)
  • Cymatium kleinei (Sowerby III, 1889): synonym of Monoplex klenei (G.B. Sowerby III, 1889)
  • Cymatium kobelti: synonym of Turritriton kobelti (Maltzan, 1884)
  • Cymatium krebsii (Mörch, 1877) : synonym of Monoplex krebsii (Mörch, 1877)
  • Cymatium labiosum (W. Wood, 1828) : synonym of Turritriton labiosus (Wood, 1828)
  • 象鼻法螺 Cymatium lotorium  (Linnaeus, 1758)：今作Lotoria lotoria
  • Cymatium marerubrum: synonym of Septa marerubrum (Garcia-Talavera, 1985)
  • Cymatium martinianum (d'Orbigny, 1847) : synonym of Monoplex pilearis (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Cymatium moniliferum (Adams & Reeve, 1850): synonym of Ranularia monilifera (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850)
  • Cymatium moritinctum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Ranularia cynocephala (Lamarck, 1816)
  • Cymatium mundum (Gould, 1849): synonym of Monoplex mundus (Gould, 1849)
  • Cymatium muricinum (Röding, 1798) : synonym of Gutturnium muricinum (Röding, 1798)
  • Cymatium nicobaricum (Röding, 1798) : synonym of Monoplex nicobaricus (Röding, 1798)
  • Cymatium occidentale (Mörch, 1877) is a synonym of Septa occidentalis (Mörch, 1877)
  • Cymatium olearium Linnaeus: synonym of Ranella olearium (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Cymatium (Septa) parthenopeum (von Salis, 1793) : synonym of Monoplex parthenopeus (Salis Marschlins, 1793)
  • Cymatium (Monoplex) parthenopeum (Salis, 1793): synonym of Monoplex parthenopeus (Salis Marschlins, 1793)
  • Cymatium penniketi Beu, 1998: synonyom of Monoplex penniketi (Beu, 1998)
  • Cymatium pharcidum (Dall, 1889): synonym of Turritriton tenuiliratus (Lischke, 1873)
  • 菲氏瘦法螺 Cymatium pfeifferianum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Reticutriton pfeifferianus (Reeve, 1844)
  • 梨形嵌線螺[3] Cymatium pyrum (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Ranularia pyrum (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Cymatium rubeculum (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Septa rubecula (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • 肉唇象法螺 Cymatium sarcostomum (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Ranularia sarcostoma (Reeve, 1844)
  • Cymatium (Ranularia) sinense (Reeve, 1844): synonym of Ranularia sinensis (Reeve, 1844)
  • Cymatium (Linatella) succinctum (Linnaeus, 1771): synonym of Linatella succincta (Linnaeus, 1771)
  • Cymatium testudinarium (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850): synonym of Ranularia testudinaria (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850)
  • Cymatium tranquebaricum (Lamarck, 1816): synonym of Monoplex tranquebaricus (Lamarck, 1816)
  • Cymatium trigonum (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Monoplex trigonus (Gmelin, 1791)
  • Cymatium trilineatum: synonym of Ranularia trilineata (Reeve, 1844)
  • Cymatium vespaceum Lamarck, 1822: synonym of Monoplex vespaceus (Lamarck, 1822)

Cymatium species found in the Western Atlantic include: 页面存档备份，存于

  • Cymatium rehderi A. H. Verrill, 1950 : synonym of Ranularia rehderi (A.H. Verrill, 1950)

Other species include:

  • Cymatium tabulatus aka Turritriton tabulatus exaratus (Reeve, 1844)
  • Cymatium parkinsonianum (Perry, 1811): synonym of Austrotriton parkinsonius Perry, 1811
  • Cymatium pileare (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Cymatium (Septa) pileare (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Cymatium perryi Emerson, W.K. & W.E. Jr. Old, 1963: synonym of Lotoria perryi (Emerson & Old, 1963)

圖庫
  • Fossil shell of Cymatium affine from Pliocene of Italy
  • Fossil shell of Cymatium doderleini from Pliocene of Italy

參考文獻
  1. WoRMS. . World Register of Marine Species. [2018-06-02].
  2. . [2017-03-06]. （原始内容存档于2017-03-06） （中文（繁體）‎）.
  3. 蔡英亞. . 湛江水產學院學報. 1982-07, 1: 20–26 [2018-06-01] （中文（简体）‎）.
  4. . Fossilworks.
  5. . 2012-08-23 [2017-05-29]. （原始内容存档于2018-02-14） （中文（繁體）‎）.
  6. . [2017-03-05]. （原始内容存档于2016-12-16）.

外部連結
维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：梭法螺属
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