毒蝰

毒蝰（學名：Vipera aspis）是蝰屬的一種毒蛇[4]。其毒性很強，人類被咬後死亡率達4%[5]。其種加詞來自希臘語，意思就是“毒蛇”[6]。它有五個亞種。[7]

毒蝰
保护状况
科学分类
界： 动物界 Animalia
门： 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲： 爬行纲 Reptilia
目： 有鳞目 Squamata
科： 蝰科 Viperidae
属： 蝰属 Vipera
种： 毒蝰 V. aspis
二名法
Vipera aspis
(Linnaeus, 1758)
異名[1]
  • [Coluber] aspis Linnaeus, 1758
  • Vipera Francisci Redi
    Laurenti, 1768[2][3]
  • Vipera Mosis Charas Laurenti, 1768
  • Vipera vulgaris
    Latreille in Sonnini & Latreille, 1801
  • Vipera ocellata
    Latreille in Sonnini & Latreille, 1801
  • Coluber Charasii — Shaw, 1802
  • [Vipera (Echidna)] Aspis
    — Merrem, 1820
  • C[hersea]. vulgaris — Fleming, 1822
  • Vipera aspis — Metaxa, 1823
  • Aspis ocellata — Fitzinger, 1826
  • [Pelias] Col[uber]. aspis
    — F. Boie, 1827
  • Berus Vulgaris — Gray, 1831
  • Vipera aspis var. ocellata
    — Bonaparte, 1834
  • Vipera aspis var. ocellata
    — Massalongo, 1853
  • V[ipera]. (Vipera) aspis
    — Jan, 1863
  • Vipera berus subspec. aspis
    — Camerano, 1888
  • Vipera aspis — Boulenger, 1896
  • Vipera aspis var. lineata
    Düringen, 1897
  • [Vipera aspis] var. Delalande Phisalix, 1902
  • Vipera aspis aspis
    — Mertens, 1925
  • Mesovipera aspis
    — A.F.T. Reuss, 1927
  • Mesovipera maculata
    A.F.T. Reuss, 1930 (nomen nudum)
  • Mesovipera maculata aspis
    — A.F.T. Reuss, 1930 (nomen nudum)
  • Vipera ammodytes aspis
    — Schwarz, 1936
  • Vipera aspis delalande
    — M. Phisalix, 1968
  • Vipera (Rhinaspis) aspis aspis
    — Obst, 1983
  • Vipera aspis — Golay et al., 1993

分類
亞種[7] 命名人[7] 分佈[4]
V. aspis aspis (Linnaeus, 1758) 歐洲大部分地區
V. aspis atra Meisner, 1820 瑞士、法國和意大利阿爾卑斯山脈地區
V. aspis francisciredi Laurenti, 1768 意大利中部
V. aspis hugyi Schinz, 1833 意大利南部
V. aspis zinnikeri Kramer, 1958 加斯科尼、安道尔和臨近的西班牙地區

特征

其體長一般在60～65（24～26英寸）之間，雄蛇最長可達85 cm（33英寸），雌性則為75 cm（30英寸），但雄性身體要比雌性細一些.。[4]

參考文獻
  1. McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
  2. The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
  3. Boulenger, G.A. 1896. Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the...Viperidæ. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, Printers.) London. xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I.- XXV. (Vipera aspis, pp. 481-485.)
  4. Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida. 359 pp. ISBN 0-89464-877-2.
  5. Street D. 1979. The Reptiles of Northern and Central Europe. London: B.T. Batsford Ltd. 268 pp. ISBN 0-7134-1374-3.
  6. Gotch AF. 1986. Reptiles – Their Latin Names Explained. Poole, UK: Blandford Press. 176 pp. ISBN 0-7137-1704-1.
  7. . Integrated Taxonomic Information System. [2006-08-13] （英语）.

外部連接
维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：毒蝰
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