甲狀腺腫瘤
甲狀腺腫瘤(Thyroid neoplasm)是生長於甲狀腺的腫瘤,可分為良性腫瘤(如甲狀腺腺瘤),以及惡性腫瘤(如甲狀腺癌)[1][2]。大多數患者在25到65歲時初次罹患此病,而且女性較男性罹病機率為高。[3]
分類
診斷及治療
甲狀腺結節是甲狀腺腫瘤的主要表現方式,如果發現甲狀腺結節,可以針吸細胞活檢術(Fine needle aspiration, FNA)取出檢體細胞進行組織培養,以辨別其為惡性腫瘤與否。FNA為取檢體最經濟的方式。[3][7]
由於癌化的甲狀腺細胞也會吸收碘,因此可以放射性的碘-131殺死癌細胞,以治療乳突形、濾泡型及髓樣甲狀腺癌。[2][2]
甲狀腺結節在20歲以後發生為惡性腫瘤的機會較大,因此需要特別關注。
治療需視患者的體質及年齡,以及會擴散與否[2]。另外假設良性甲狀腺瘤影響到吞嚥、說話和呼吸,仍須酌以切除。
有時候部分移除甲狀腺會造成甲狀腺機能低下。
若為惡性腫瘤或有逆行性生長的跡象,則予以切除。[2]切除甲狀腺為一中等風險的手術,可能會導致併發症。切除甲狀腺的患者必需服用甲狀腺素以維持身體機能。
參見
- 輻射汙染(甲狀腺癌的其中一個原因)
註釋
- Chapter 20 in: Mitchell, Richard Sheppard; Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson. . Philadelphia: Saunders. ISBN 1-4160-2973-7. 8th edition.
- Hu MI, Vassilopoulou-Sellin R, Lustig R, Lamont JP. "Thyroid and Parathyroid Cancers" 页面存档备份,存于 in Pazdur R, Wagman LD, Camphausen KA, Hoskins WJ (Eds) Cancer Management: A Multidisciplinary Approach 页面存档备份,存于. 11 ed. 2008.
- National Cancer Institute. What You Need to Know About Thyroid Cancer National Cancer Institute, 2010.Print
- Al-Zaher N, Al-Salam S, El Teraifi H. Thyroid carcinoma in the United Arab Emirates: perspectives and experience of a tertiary care hospital. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther 2008;1:14-21. "Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy" 页面存档备份,存于
- Al-Zaher N, Al-Salam S, El Teraifi H. Thyroid carcinoma in the United Arab Emirates: perspectives and experience of a tertiary care hospital. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther 2008;1:14-21. "Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy" 页面存档备份,存于
- DeLellis R.A., Lloyd R.V., Heitz P.U., Eng C. (Eds.). . Lyon, France: IARC Press. 2004: 94–123. ISBN 92-832-2416-7.
- Schmitt, Fernando. "Thyroid Cytology: Is FNA Still The Best Diagnostic Approach?"International Journal of Surgical Pathology,June 2010,vol 18, p.201-204.
外部連結
- Thyroid Cancer Clinical Trials Page of the American Thyroid Association
- Nuclear Medicine Information =– Thyroid Diseases 页面存档备份,存于
- Thyroid Cancer 页面存档备份,存于- National Cancer Institute
- Diagnostic patient information 页面存档备份,存于
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