莫里斯·桑達克

莫里斯·伯納德·桑達克（英語：，1928年6月10日－2012年5月8日），生於美國紐約市布魯克林區，著名兒童文學圖畫書作家及插畫家。他最著名的作品為1963年出版的《野獸國》（Where the Wild Things Are），這個作品曾被改編成電影《野獸冒險樂園》。他曾經五度獲得美國圖畫書最高榮譽凱迪克獎。同時他也是第一位獲得國際安徒生插畫大獎的美國人。

莫里斯·桑達克
出生Maurice Bernard Sendak
(1928-06-10)1928年6月10日
 美國紐約布魯克林
逝世2012年5月8日(2012歲－05歲－08)（83歲）
 美國康涅狄格州丹伯里
職業作家、插圖家、藝術家
國籍 美國
創作時期1947–2012
體裁兒童文學
代表作野獸國（1963）
廚房之夜狂想曲（1970）
獎項凱迪克獎
蘿拉·英格斯·懷德獎
受影響於威廉·布萊克, 梅爾維爾, 尙-安托萬·華鐸, 哥雅, 莫札特, 艾蜜莉·狄金生, 幻想曲 (1940), 喬治·麥克唐納, 父親 (Philip Sendak)
施影響於格萊葛利·馬奎爾, 茱迪·皮考特

早年生活

莫里斯·桑達克生於美國紐約布魯克林，雙親皆為波蘭猶太籍移民，而父親是一名裁縫。[1][2][3] 桑達克形容自己的童年為「可怕的光景」，因為他的親戚死於猶太人大屠殺當中，讓年紀小小的他一早就已經體會到死亡。[4]早年他因健康問題長期卧床，卻培養了喜愛閱讀的習慣。[5]十二歲那年他看過了華特·迪士尼的幻想曲後，就志願要成為一位插圖家。而他第一份工作，就是為FAO施瓦茨玩具店設計櫥窗。 一九四七年，桑達克的插畫首次出版，出現在一本名為《Atomics for the Millions》的教科書，作者是Dr. Maxwell Leigh Eidinoff。一九五○年代，在桑達克開始寫自己的故事之前，他多數在為其他作者的童書畫插畫。

個人生活

桑達克曾在2008年9月於《紐約時報》上提及自己同性戀的身份，並跟他的伴侶心理分析家Eugene Glynn博士同居了五十年。他從未向自己父母出櫃，並說：「我只希望自己是異性戀，那我的父母就高興了；他們永遠、永遠、永遠不知道。」[6]

逝世

桑達克在2012年5月8日的早上因為腦中風的併發症於美國康涅狄格州丹伯里離世，終年83歲。[7][8][9]

著作

桑達克在自寫自畫《野獸國》之後獲得國際聲譽。初出版時，這部描繪尖牙怪獸的作品使某些家長感到憂心，因為裡面的角色長相顯得相當荒誕。在《野獸國》之前，桑達克最知名的作品是為艾爾斯·敏納立克（E.H Minarik）的《小熊看世界》系列著作所畫的插畫。

當桑達克在Harper & Row公司編輯的桌上看到以撒·辛格第一篇兒童故事《山羊茲拉提》的稿件時，他主動表示要為這部作品畫插畫。這本書在一九六六年首次出版，獲得紐伯瑞獎。桑達克對於這次的合作感到愉快，有滿腔熱忱。他曾經以揶揄的口氣說他和辛格合作，「終於」讓他的父母對他們最小的孩子留下深刻印象。

桑達克的《廚房之夜狂想曲》（In the Night Kitchen）於一九七○出版，這部作品經常涉及審查議題，因為書中的小男孩在畫面中都是裸身走動著。這本書在美國好幾個州都遭到非議，包括伊利諾、紐澤西、明尼蘇達及德州。《廚房之夜狂想曲》經常出現在美國圖書館協會的「常禁書單」。在一九九○～一九九九年間一百本最常遭非議的書單當中名列第二十一。

一九八一年出版的《在那遙遠的地方》（Outside Over There），故事是關於一個叫做愛達（Ida）的女孩，探討她對於兄弟姐妹的嫉妒情結及其責任感。她的父親離家，愛達被留下來看顧妹妹，這使她相當失望。她妹妹遭小魔鬼（goblins，又譯作哥布林）綁架，愛達必須展開一段奇幻旅程去解救妹妹。一開始她並不真的渴望找到妹妹，在尋找的過程中，她受神奇的事物吸引，幾乎與妹妹擦身而過。最後，她救出妹妹，毀滅小魔鬼，返家並許諾在父親回家之前會擔起照顧妹妹的責任。

劇情兼插畫之作品
  • Kenny's Window (1956)
  • Very Far Away (1957)
  • 蘿西門上的告示(The Sign on Rosie's Door) (1960)
  • The Nutshell Library (1962)
    • Alligators All Around (An Alphabet)
    • Chicken Soup with Rice (A Book of Months)
    • One Was Johnny (A Counting Book)
    • Pierre (A Cautionary Tale)
  • 野獸國 (1963)
  • Higglety Pigglety Pop! or There Must Be More to Life (1967) ISBN 0-06-028479-X
  • 廚房之夜狂想曲 (1970)
  • Ten Little Rabbits: A Counting Book with Mino the Magician (1970)
  • Some Swell Pup or Are You Sure You Want a Dog? (written by Maurice Sendak & Matthew Margolis, and illustrated by Maurice Sendak) (1976)
  • Seven Little Monsters (1977)
  • Fantasy Sketches (1981)
  • 在那遙遠的地方 (1981)
  • Caldecott and Co: Notes on Books and Pictures (an anthology of essays on children's literature) (1988)
  • We Are All in the Dumps with Jack and Guy (1993)
  • Maurice Sendak's Christmas Mystery (1995) (a box containing a book and a jigsaw puzzle)
  • Bumble-Ardy (2011) ISBN 0-06-205198-9, ISBN 978-0-06-205198-1
  • My Brother's Book (2013)

負責插畫之作品
  • Atomics for the Millions (by Dr. Maxwell Leigh Eidinoff) (1947)
  • The Wonderful Farm (by Marcel Aymé) (1951)
  • Good Shabbos Everybody (by Robert Garvey) (1951)
  • 洞是用來挖的(A Hole is to Dig) (露絲克勞絲Ruth Krauss/著) (1952)
  • A Very Special House (露絲克勞絲/著) (1953)
  • Hurry Home Candy (by Meindert DeJong) (1953)
  • The Giant Story (by Beatrice Schenk de Regniers) (1953)
  • The Tin Fiddle (by Edward Tripp) (1954)
  • The Wheel on the School (by Meindert DeJong) (1954)
  • Mrs. Piggle-Wiggle's Farm (by Betty MacDonald) (1954)
  • Happy Hanukah Everybody (by Hyman Chanover & Alice Chanover) (1955)
  • Little Cow & the Turtle (by Meindert DeJong) (1955)
  • Singing Family of the Cumberlands (by Jean Ritchie) (Oxford University Press, 1955)
  • What Can You Do with a Shoe? (by Beatrice Schenk de Regniers) (1955, re-colored 1997)
  • Seven Little Stories on Big Subjects (by Gladys Baker Bond) (1955)
  • I Want to Paint My Bathroom Blue (露絲克勞絲/著) (1956)
  • The Birthday Party (露絲克勞絲/著) (1957)
  • 《小熊看世界》系列，艾爾斯·敏納立克負責故事，桑德克負責插畫 (另外還有一部動畫影集天才寶貝熊，是以這系列的故事為基礎製作)
    • 小熊(Little Bear) (1957)
    • 熊爸爸回家(Father Bear Comes Home) (1959)
    • 認識新朋友(Little Bear's Friend) (1960)
    • 爺爺奶奶家(Little Bear's Visit) (1961)
    • 給小熊的吻(A Kiss for Little Bear) (1968)
  • Along Came a Dog (by Meindert DeJong) (1958)
  • No Fighting, No Biting! (by Else Holmelund Minarik) (1958)
  • What Do You Say, Dear? (by Sesyle Joslin) (1958)
  • Seven Tales by H. C. Andersen (translated by Eva Le Gallienne) (1959)
  • 跳月的精靈(The Moon Jumpers) (珍妮絲梅尤德里Janice May Udry/著)(1959)
  • 歡迎蝴蝶來參觀(Open House for Butterflies) (露絲克勞斯/著) (1960)
  • Best in Children's Books: Volume 31 (various authors and illustrators: featuring, Windy Wash Day and Other Poems by Dorothy Aldis, illustrations by Sendak) (1960)
  • Best in Children's Books: Volume 41 (various authors and illustrators: featuring, What the Good-Man Does Is Always Right by Hans Christian Andersen, illustrations by Sendak (1961)
  • 我不跟你玩了(Let's Be Enemies) (珍妮絲梅尤德里/著) (1961)
  • What Do You Do, Dear? (by Sesyle Joslin) (1961)
  • The Big Green Book (by Robert Graves) (1962)
  • 兔子先生和可愛的禮物(Mr. Rabbit and the Lovely Present) (夏綠蒂·佐羅托Charlotte Zolotow/著) (1962)
  • The Singing Hill (by Meindert DeJong) (1962) (Harper Row)
  • Dwarf Long-Nose (by Wilhelm Hauff, translated by Doris Orgel) (1963)
  • The Griffin and the Minor Canon (by Frank R. Stockton) (1963)
  • How Little Lori Visited Times Square (by Amos Vogel) (1963)
  • She Loves Me...She Loves Me Not... (by Robert Keeshan AKA Captain Kangaroo) (1963)
  • McCall's: August 1964; VOL XCI, No 11 (featuring The Young Crane by Andrejs Upits, Illustrated by Sendak)
  • The Bee-Man of Orn (by Frank R. Stockton) (1964)
  • The Animal Family (by Randall Jarrell) (1965)
  • 保護者海克特與當我越過海洋：兩首童謠(Hector Protector and As I Went Over the Water: Two Nursery Rhymes) (傳統鵝媽媽童謠) (1965)
  • Lullabyes and Night Songs (by Alec Wilder, edited by William Engvick) (1965)
  • 山羊茲拉提 (以撒·辛格/著) (1966)
  • The Bat-Poet (by Randall Jarrell) (1964)
  • The House of Sixty Fathers (by Meindert De Jong) (1966)
  • The Saturday Evening Post: May 4, 1968; 241st year, Issue no. 9 (features Yash The Chimney Sweep by Isaac Bashevis Singer)
  • I'll Be You and You Be Me (露絲克勞絲/著) (1973)
  • 莫里斯桑達克的格林童話(The Juniper Tree and Other Tales from Grimm)(1973)
  • King Grisly-Beard (格林兄弟/著) (1973)
  • Pleasant Fieldmouse (by Jan Wahl) (1975)
  • Charlotte and the White Horse (露絲克勞絲/著) (1955)
  • Fly by Night (by Randall Jarrell) (1976)
  • The Light Princess (by George MacDonald) (1977)
  • Shadrach (by Meindert Dejong) (1977)
  • The Big Green Book (by Robert Graves) (1978)
  • Nutcracker (by E.T.A. Hoffmann) (1984)
  • The Love for Three Oranges (The Glyndebourne Version, by Frank Corsaro based on L'Amour des Trois Oranges (by Serge Prokofiev) (1984)
  • Circus Girl (by Jack Sendak) (1985)
  • In Grandpa's House (by Philip Sendak) (1985)
  • The Cunning Little Vixen (by Rudolf Tesnohlidek) (1985)
  • 親愛的小莉(Dear Mili) (威廉·格林/著) (1988)
  • Sing a Song of Popcorn (by Beatrice Schenk de Regniers with various illustrators including Sendak) (1988)
  • The Big Book for Peace (various authors and illustrators, cover also by Sendak) (1990)
  • I Saw Esau (edited by Iona Opie and Peter Opie) (1992)
  • The Golden Key (by George MacDonald) (1992) ISBN 0-374-42590-6
  • We Are All in the Dumps with Jack and Guy: Two Nursery Rhymes with Pictures (traditional nursery rhymes) (Harper Collins) (1993)
  • Pierre: or, The Ambiguities: The Kraken Edition (by Herman Melville) (1995) ISBN 978-0-06-118009-5
  • The Miami Giant (by Arthur Yorinks) (1995)
  • Frank and Joey Go to Work (by Arthur Yorinks), also has additional illustrations by Ky Chung (1996)
  • Penthesilea (by Heinrich von Kleist, translated and introduced by Joel Agee) (1998) ISBN 0-06-095632-1
  • Dear Genius: The Letters of Ursula Nordstrom (by Ursula Nordstrom, edited by Leonard S. Marcus) ISBN 0-06-023625-6
  • Swine Lake (by James Marshall) (1999)
  • Brundibár (by Tony Kushner) (2003)
  • Sarah's Room (by Doris Orgel) (2003)
  • The Happy Rain (by Jack Sendak) (2004)
  • Bears! (露絲克勞絲/著) (2005)
  • Mommy? (亞瑟約林克斯/著，桑達克的第一本立體書著作) (2006)
  • 佩斯托與札斯托的林波島冒險(亞瑟約林克斯/文，桑達克/文、圖)(2018)

作品集
  • The Art of Maurice Sendak (by Selma G. Lanes) (1980) ISBN 0-8109-1600-2
  • The Art of Maurice Sendak: From 1980 to the Present (by Tony Kushner) (2003) ISBN 0-8109-4448-0
  • Making Mischief: A Maurice Sendak Appreciation (by Gregory Maguire) (2009) ISBN 0-06-168916-5

電影
  • 1973: Where the Wild Things Are (故事)
  • 2009: 野獸冒險樂園 (故事)
  • 2009: Tell Them Anything You Want: A Portrait of Maurice Sendak, documentary filmed by Lance Bangs and Where the Wild Things Are director Spike Jonze.[10] Released in the US on DVD by Oscilloscope Laboratories.
  • 2010: Higglety Pigglety Pop! or There Must Be More to Life (story), an animated/live action short adapted and directed by Chris Lavis and Maciek Szczerbowski (Clyde Henry Productions), produced by Spike Jonze, Vincent Landay and Marcy Page (National Film Board of Canada)[11]

參考
  1. . Lib.usm.edu. [October 13, 2009]. （原始内容存档于2010年6月6日）.
  2. . [2012-05-10]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）.
  3. Braun, Saul. . Select.nytimes.com. June 7, 1970 [October 13, 2009].
  4. . morning edititon (NPR). September 26, 2006 [September 23, 2011].
  5. Patheos.com 的存檔，存档日期2010-05-23., Patheos on Maurice Sendak
  6. Cohen, Patricia, The New York Times. . September 9, 2008.
  7. Fox, Margalit. . The New York Times. May 8, 2012 [May 8, 2012].
  8. . RookPost. （原始内容存档于2012-05-12）.
  9. Patricia Reaney. . Chicago Tribune. May 8, 2012 [May 8, 2012].
  10. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1509268/
  11. Frenette, Brad. . National Post (Canada). February 16, 2010 [February 18, 2010]. （原始内容存档于2010-02-27）.

外部連結
维基语录上的相关摘錄： 莫里斯·桑達克
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