露螽亚科

露螽亞科
	一隻雌性的Phaneroptera nana
	一隻雄性的Isophya pyrenaea
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲：	昆虫纲 Insecta
目：	直翅目 Orthoptera
科：	螽斯科 Tettigoniidae
亚科：	露螽亞科 Phaneropterinae; Burmeister, 1838[1]
異名
	Amblycoryphae Scudder, 1897; Phaneropteridae Burmeister, 1838;

露螽亚科（學名：）是螽斯科的直翅目昆蟲之下一個亞科[2][3]，包括85個屬、接近2060個物種，遍佈全世界。

本亞科的學名源於舊世界物種露螽屬（Phaneroptera），因為這個屬的物種的內翅尖端外露（phanero-+ptera）[4]。

Adult Phaneropterinae species with eggs

形態描述

The legs of individuals in this subfamily vary from genus to genus, but, as in nearly all 直翅目, the posterior (rear) legs are adapted to leaping, and as such are always much longer than other legs.

The Phaneropterinae are largely arboreal in habitat.[2] The vast majority of species live in shrubs and trees, feeding on leaves and twigs.[2] Some species might potentially cause significant damage, though usually superficial, when present in large numbers, but this is rare; they usually are solitary, unlike 蝗科, so much so that they seldom come to human notice.[2]

The 產卵管 and male genitalia vary according to the genus. The Phaneropterinae differ from other subfamilies of Tettigoniidae (and other Orthoptera) in their oviposition; their eggs are rarely deposited in the earth, but are either glued in double rows to twigs, or are inserted in the edges of leaves.[2]

分類學

露螽亚科是由德意志帝國的动物学家Hermann Burmeister於1838年建立[3]。截至2019年1月 (2019-01)，根據《直翅目物種檔案》（Orthoptera Species File）列出本亞科接近100個屬可再細分為下列各個族、亞族[3]：

Acrometopini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Europe, the Middle East, Africa

Orophus tessellatus

Acrometopa Fieber, 1853
Altihoratosphaga Hemp, Voje, Heller & Hemp, 2010
Conchotopoda Karsch, 1887
Horatosphaga Schaum, 1853
Lamecosoma Ragge, 1960
Peronura Karsch, 1889
Peronurella Hemp, 2017
Prosphaga Ragge, 1960
Tenerasphaga Hemp, 2017

Amblycoryphini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas, Africa

Amblycorypha insolita

Plangiina Cadena-Castañeda, 2015
- Madagascarantia Massa, 2017
- Monteiroa Karsch, 1889
- Paraplangia Heller, 2018
- Plangia Stål, 1873
- Pseudoplangia Massa, 2014
Subtribe not assigned
Agaurella Uvarov, 1939
Amblycorypha Stål, 1873
Eurycorypha Stål, 1873
Orophus Saussure, 1859
Oxygonatium Ragge, 1980
Plangiodes Chopard, 1954

Barbitistini

Auth.: Jacobson, 1905 – Europe to central Asia

Male Barbitistes obtusus

Isophya species mating

Ancistrura Uvarov, 1921
Andreiniimon Capra, 1937
Barbitistes Charpentier, 1825
Dasycercodes Bei-Bienko, 1951
Euconocercus Bei-Bienko, 1950
Isoimon Bei-Bienko, 1954
Isophya Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
Kurdia Uvarov, 1916
Leptophyes Fieber, 1853
Metaplastes Ramme, 1939
Orthocercodes Bei-Bienko, 1951
Parapoecilimon Karabag, 1975
Phonochorion Uvarov, 1916
Poecilimon Fischer, 1853
Polysarcus Fieber, 1853

Catoptropterigini

Auth.: Massa, 2016 – Africa

Catoptropteryx Karsch, 1890
Griffinipteryx Massa, 2016

Ducetiini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, India, China, Indochina to Australia

Ducetia sp.

Abaxisotima Gorochov, 2005
Agnapha Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
Ducetia Stål, 1874
Kuwayamaea Matsumura & Shiraki, 1908
Noia Walker, 1870
Paraducetia Gorochov & Kang, 2002
Paragnapha Willemse, 1923
Prohimerta Hebard, 1922
Shirakisotima Furukawa, 1963
Subibulbistridulous Shi, 2002

Dysoniini

Auth.: Rehn, 1950 – tropical Americas

Genus group Dysonia (temporary)
- Dysonia White, 1862
- Lichenodentix Cadena-Castañeda, 2011
- Lichenomorphus Cadena-Castañeda, 2011
Genus group Markia Cadena-Castañeda, 2013
- Apolinaria Rehn, 1950
- Lichenodraculus Braun, 2011
- Machima Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Machimoides Rehn, 1950
- Markia White, 1862
Genus group Paraphidniae Cadena-Castañeda, 2016
- Anaphidna Gorochov & Cadena-Castañeda, 2012
- Paraphidnia Giglio-Tos, 1898
Genus group not assigned
Hammatofera Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
Quiva Hebard, 1927
Yungasacris Rehn, 1950

Ectemnini

Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – tropical Americas

Ectemna Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
Euthyrrhachis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878

Elimaeini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891 – Asia

Elimaea punctifera

Ectadia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
Elimaea Stål, 1874
Hemielimaea Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
Orthelimaea Karny, 1926

Holochlorini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, Asia-Pacific

Holochlora japonica female laying eggs

Poecilopsyra octoseriata

Ancylecha Serville, 1838
Arantia Stål, 1874
Arnobia Stål, 1876
Calopsyra Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
Casigneta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
Cesasundana Koçak & Kemal, 2009
Dapanera Karsch, 1889
Elbenia Stål, 1876
Furnia Stål, 1876
Gonatoxia Karsch, 1889
Holochlora Stål, 1873
Leucopodoptera Rentz & Webber, 2003
Liotrachela Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
Molpa Walker, 1870
Parapsyra Carl, 1914
Phaulula Bolívar, 1906
Phygela Stål, 1876
Poecilopsyra Dohrn, 1892
Pseudopsyra Hebard, 1922
Psyrana Uvarov, 1940
Rectimarginalis Liu & Kang, 2007
Ruidocollaris Liu, 1993
Sinochlora Tinkham, 1945
Stibaroptera Bolívar, 1906
Stictophaula Hebard, 1922
Sympaestria Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
Tapiena Bolívar, 1906

Insarini

Auth.: Rehn, & Hebard, 1914 – tropical & subtropical Americas

Arethaea sp.

Arethaea Stål, 1876
Brachyinsara Rehn & Hebard, 1914
Insara Walker, 1869
Psilinsara Hebard, 1932

Kevaniellini

Auth.: Massa, 2017 – eastern Africa

Kevaniella Chopard, 1954

Letanini

Auth.: Hebard, 1922 – Asia

Himertula Uvarov, 1940
Letana Walker, 1869

Microcentrini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas

Microcentrum retinerve

Acropsis Uvarov, 1939
Anapolisia Piza, 1980
Apoballa Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
Ischyra Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
Lamprophyllum Hebard, 1924
Lobophyllus Saussure, 1859
Microcentrum Scudder, 1862
Petaloptera Saussure, 1859
Philophyllia Stål, 1873
Phoebolampta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
Syntechna Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878

Mirolliini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Asia

Amirollia Ingrisch, 2011
Deflorita Bolívar, 1906
Hemimirollia Ingrisch, 2011
Hueikaeana Ingrisch, 1998
Mirollia Stål, 1873

Morgeniini

Auth.: Karsch, 1890

Mangomaloba Sjöstedt, 1902
Morgenia Karsch, 1890

Odonturini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas, Iberian peninsular, Africa, Pacific islands

Dichopetala castanea

Genus group Dichopetala (temporary)
- Acanthorintes Cohn, Swanson & Fontana, 2014
- Dichopetala Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Gymnocerca Cohn, Swanson & Fontana, 2014
- Mactruchus Cohn, Swanson & Fontana, 2014
- Obolopteryx Cohn, Swanson & Fontana, 2014
- Planipollex Cohn, Swanson & Fontana, 2014
- Pterodichopetala Buzzetti, Barrientos-Lozano & Rocha-Sánchez, 2010
- Rhabdocerca Cohn, Swanson & Fontana, 2014
Genus group not assigned
- Angara Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
- Anisophya Karabag, 1960
- Arachnitus Hebard, 1932
- Arostratum Massa, 2015
- Atlasacris Rehn, 1914
- 文心蘭屬 Buzzetti, Fontana & Carotti, 2010
- Monticolaria Sjöstedt, 1909
- Nanoleptopoda Braun, 2011
Odontura Rambur, 1838
Odonturoides Ragge, 1980
Paraperopyrrhicia Ebner, 1915
Peropyrrhicia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
Xenicola Uvarov, 1940

Otiaphysini

Auth.: Karsch, 1889

Debrona Walker, 1870
Drepanophyllum Karsch, 1890
Stenamblyphyllum Karsch, 1896
Tetraconcha Karsch, 1890

Pardalotini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878

Pardalota Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
Poecilogramma Karsch, 1887

Percynini

Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – South America

Percyna Grant, 1964
Sictuna Walker, 1869

Phaneropterini

Auth.: Burmeister, 1838 – distributed worldwide

Phaneroptera nana 若蟲

Anaulacomerina Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Central and South America
- Abrodiaeta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
- Anaulacomera Stål, 1873
- Grammadera Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Mendesius Piza, 1960
- Montealegrezia Cadena-Castañeda, 2012
- Phaneropteroides Piza, 1971
- Rostellula Gorochov, 2018
- Separatula Gorochov, 2018
- Tenellulus Cadena-Castañeda, 2012
Pelecynotina Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – South America
- Pelecynotum Piza, 1967
Viadanina Cadena-Castañeda, 2012 – Central and South America
- Tomeophera Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Viadana Walker, 1869
Subtribe not assigned
- Agennis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
- Chloroscirtus Saussure & Pictet, 1897
- Dioncomena Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Dithela Karsch, 1890
- Eucatopta Karsch, 1889
- Melidia Stål, 1876
- Nephoptera Uvarov, 1929
- Parapyrrhicia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
- Phaneroptera Serville, 1831
- Pigalua Massa, 2017
- Pleothrix Ragge, 1980
- Pseudophaneroptera Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Symmetrokarschia Massa, 2015
- Symmetroraggea Massa, 2015
- Xenodoxus Carl, 1914

Phlaurocentrini

Auth.: Karsch, 1889 – Africa

Buettneria Karsch, 1889
Leiodontocercus Chopard, 1954
Phlaurocentrum Karsch, 1889

Phyllopterini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878

Phyllopterina Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Central and South America
- Apocerycta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Arota Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
- Cephalophylloptera Cadena-Castañeda, 2015
- Hyperphrona Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Hyperphorina Cadena-Castañeda, 2015
- Itarissa Walker, 1869
- Julchiella Cadena-Castañeda, 2015
- Meneghelia Piza, 1980
- Metaprosagoga Vignon, 1930
- Phrixa (insect) Stål, 1874
- Phylloptera Serville, 1831
- Resecabimus Cadena-Castañeda, 2015
Uberabina Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – South America
- Polichnodes Giglio-Tos, 1898
- Uberaba Bruner, 1915

Plagiopleurini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – South America

Diplophyllus Saussure, 1859
Parableta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
Plagiopleura Stål, 1873

Plangiopsidini

Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – Africa

Plangiola Bolívar, 1906
Plangiopsis Karsch, 1889

Poreuomenini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa

Cestromoecha Karsch, 1893
Paraporeuomena Massa, 2018
Poreuomena Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878

Preussiini

Auth.: Karsch, 1890 – Africa

Enochletica Karsch, 1896
Preussia Karsch, 1890
Weissenbornia Karsch, 1888

Pycnopalpini

Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2014 – Central and South America

Pycnopalpina Cadena-Castañeda, 2014
- Hetaira (insect) Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
- Montezumina Hebard, 1925
- Pycnopalpa Serville, 1838
- Topanga Walker, 1869
Theiina Cadena-Castañeda, 2014
- Dolichocercus Rehn & Hebard, 1914
- Oxyprorella Giglio-Tos, 1898
- Theia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
- Theiella Cadena-Castañeda, 2014

Scudderiini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas

Scudderia sp.

Aganacris Walker, 1871
Caroliniella Cadena-Castañeda, 2015
Ceraia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
Ceraiaella Hebard, 1933
Ctenophorema Piza, 1967
Euceraia Hebard, 1927
Harroweria Hebard, 1927
Homotoicha Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
Inscudderia Caudell, 1921
Ligocatinus Rehn, 1901
Parascudderia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
Phanerocercus Piza, 1980
Scudderia Stål, 1873
Theudoria Stål, 1874
Vellea Walker, 1869
Zenirella Piza, 1973

Steirodontini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – South America

Stilpnochlora couloniana

Cnemidophyllum Rehn, 1917
Emsleyfolium Cadena-Castañeda, Mendes & Alves-Oliveira, 2016
Nicklephyllum Cadena-Castañeda, 2016
Steirodon Serville, 1831
Stilpnochlora Stål, 1873

Terpnistrini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, Sri Lanka

Diogena Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
Gelotopoia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
Terpnistria Stål, 1873
Terpnistrioides Ragge, 1980
Tropidophrys Karsch, 1896

Trigonocoryphini

Auth.: Bei-Bienko, 1954 – Middle East, India, Malaysia

Cosmozoma Karsch, 1889
Megotoessa Karsch, 1889
Trigonocorypha Stål, 1873

Tylopsidini

Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, Europe, Middle East, western Asia

Tylopsis lilifolia

Tylopsis Fieber, 1853

Vossiini

Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – Africa, Asia

Vossiina Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – Africa
- Azamia Bolívar, 1906
- Vossia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
Xantiina Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – Asia
- Paraxantia Liu & Kang, 2009 – China
- Xantia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Borneo

Zeuneriini

Zeuneria melanopeza

Auth.: Karsh, 1890 - tropical Africa

Gravenreuthia Karsch, 1892
Zeuneria Karsch, 1889

Genus groups and other incertae sedis

Subtribe Trachyzulphina Gorochov, 2014 – China, Indochina, Malesia

Trachyzulpha Dohrn, 1892

Genus groups include:

Male Acripeza reticulata

Caedicia simplex

Acridopezae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Australia
- Acripeza Guérin-Méneville, 1832
Aegimiae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Central and South America
- Aegimia Stål, 1874
Aniarae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – South America, E. Africa
- Aniarella Bolívar, 1906
- Burgilis Stål, 1873
- Corymeta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Coryphoda Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Hyperophora Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Pseudoburgilis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Tetana Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
Centroferae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – South America
- Centrofera Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
Cosmophylla Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – South America, Madagascar, Australia
- Cosmophyllum Blanchard, 1851
- Engonia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Marenestha Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Ozphyllum Rentz, Su & Ueshima, 2007
- Paracosmophyllum Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
- Stenophyllia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
Dysmorphae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Malesia
- Dysmorpha Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
Ephippithytae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Vietnam, Papua New Guinea, Australia
- Alectoria Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1879
- Caedicia Stål, 1874
- Currimundria Rentz, Su & Ueshima, 2008
- Diastella Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Dicorypha Krauss, 1902
- Ephippitytha Serville, 1838
- Kurandoptera Rentz, Su & Ueshima, 2008
- Polichne Stål, 1874
- Protina Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1879
- Symmachis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Torbia Walker, 1869
Eurypalpae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Eastern China, Vietnam, Sumatra, Australia
- Ceratopompa Karsch, 1890
- Zulpha Walker, 1870
Isopserae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Eastern Africa, India, Indochina, Malesia
- Isopsera Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Pelerinus Bolívar, 1906
- Pseudopyrrhizia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
Karschiae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
- Karschia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
Leptoderae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Sri Lanka, Malesia
- Leptoderes Serville, 1838
Pseudophaneropterae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Sri Lanka, Sumatra
- Pseudophaneroptera Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
ScambophyllaBrunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Indochina, Malesia
- Scambophyllum Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
Scaphurae Westwood, 1838 – South America
- Scaphura Kirby, 1825
Taeniomenae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Australia
- Elephantodeta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Tinzeda Walker, 1869
Turpiliae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Central America, Caribbean
- Turpilia Stål, 1874
- Turpiliodes Hebard, 1932

These genera have not been placed in a tribe:

Alloducetia Xia & Liu, 1992
Anchispora Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
Angustithorax Massa, 2015
Anisotochra Karsch, 1889
Anormalous Liu, 2011
Aphroptera Bolívar, 1902
Astathomima Karny, 1929
Austrodontura Fontana & Buzzetti, 2004
Balneum Piza, 1967
Baryprostha Karsch, 1891
Bertius Piza, 1974
Bongeia Sjöstedt, 1902
Brinckiella Chopard, 1955
Brycoptera Ragge, 1981
Bueacola Sjöstedt, 1912
Chinensis Özdikmen, 2009
Chloroscirtus Saussure & Pictet, 1897
Choirorhynchus Piza, 1974
Conversifastigia Liu & Kang, 2008
Corycomima Karsch, 1896
Diastellidea Bolívar, 1902
Dicranopsyra Dohrn, 1892
Ectomoptera Ragge, 1980
Elbeniopsis Dohrn, 1906
Enthephippion Bruner, 1915
Ephippitythoidea Tepper, 1892
Eulioptera Ragge, 1956
Eulophophyllum Hebard, 1922
Euryastes Ragge, 1980
Euxenica Bruner, 1915
Execholyrus Henry, 1940
Gabonella Uvarov, 1940
Gatunella Uvarov, 1940
Gelatopoiidion Zacher, 1909
Gregoryella Uvarov, 1925
Harposcepa Karsch, 1896
Indogneta Ingrisch & Shishodia, 2000
Itokiia Sjöstedt, 1902
Ivensia Bolívar, 1890
Japygophana Carl, 1921
Khaoyaiana Ingrisch, 1990
Ladnea Walker, 1869
Lunidia Hemp, 2010
Macedna Karsch, 1891
Materuana Hemp, 2017
Meruterrana Sjöstedt, 1912
Milititsa Burr, 1900
Miltinobates Sjöstedt, 1902
Mimoscudderia Carl, 1914
Myllocentrum Ragge, 1962
Natricia Walker, 1869
Nesoscirtella Carl, 1914
Niphella Bolívar, 1900
Oxyecous Chopard, 1935
Paracaedicia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
Parapelerinus Liu & Kang, 2008
Paraphylloptera Carl, 1914
Parapolichne Bolívar, 1902
Phaneroptila Uvarov, 1957
Physocorypha Karsch, 1896
Platycaedicia Hebard, 1922
Platylyra Scudder, 1898
Polygamus Carl, 1914
Procaedicia Bolívar, 1902
Pronomapyga Rehn, 1914
Pseudomacedna Liu, 2014
Pseudopreussia Hemp, 2017
Puerula Bolívar, 1906
Qinlingea Liu & Kang, 2007
Raggeiella Cadena-Castañeda, 2015
Raggophyllum Nickle, 1967
Sanabria Walker, 1869
Scolocerca Ragge, 1980
Semicarinata Liu & Kang, 2007
Sikoriella Carl, 1914
Stylomolpa Karny, 1926
Sympaestroides Willemse, 1942
Tamdaopteron Gorochov, 2005
Tropidonotacris Chopard, 1954

[[Eulophophyllum thaumasium Hebard 1922.png|180x180px|alt=|Female Eulophophyllum thaumasium]]

Female Eulophophyllum thaumasium

[[Paracaedicia serrata (15255405023).jpg|180x180px|alt=|Paracaedicia serrata]]

Paracaedicia serrata

參考文獻

Burmeister H (1838) Handbuch der Entomologie 2 2(I-VIII):684
Blatch, WS. . (PDF). Indianapolis, IN (USA): Nature Publishing. 1920: 784 p. （英语）.
Template:OSF
Jaeger, Edmund Carroll. . Springfield, Ill: Thomas. 1959. ISBN 0-398-06179-3. 已忽略未知参数|url-access= (帮助)
Walker, Thomas J. . [2 January 2019].

外部連結

維基物種中有關露螽亚科的數據

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[burm1838-1] Burmeister H (1838) Handbuch der Entomologie 2 2(I-VIII):684

[blatch1920-2] Blatch, WS. . (PDF). Indianapolis, IN (USA): Nature Publishing. 1920: 784 p. （英语）.

[osf-3] Template:OSF

[Jaeger-4] Jaeger, Edmund Carroll. . Springfield, Ill: Thomas. 1959. ISBN 0-398-06179-3. 已忽略未知参数|url-access= (帮助)

[sina-5] Walker, Thomas J. . [2 January 2019].