高级着色器语言

高级着色器语言（即 HLSL，缩写自 [1] 或 [2]），是由微軟擁有及開發的一種着色器語言，最初的开发是为了辅助 Direct3D 9 的着色器汇编语言，后成为 Direct3D 10 以来统一着色器模型所必须的语言。

HLSL只能供微軟的Direct3D以及XNA使用。HLSL是GLSL的先辈，不能與OpenGL標準兼容。它跟Nvidia的Cg非常相似，是因为两个开发者曾经紧密合作。[3]

HLSL的主要作用為將一些複雜的圖像處理，快速而又有效率地在顯示卡上完成，與組合式或低階Shader Language相比，能降低在編寫複雜特殊效果時所發生編程錯誤的機會。

Shader model 比較

Pixel shader 比較
Pixel shader 版本 1.0 to 1.3[4] 1.4[4]2.0[4][5]2.0a[4][5]2.0b[4][5]3.0[4][6]4.0[7]4.1[8]5.0[9]
Dependent texture limit 468Unlimited8UnlimitedUnlimitedUnlimitedUnlimited
Texture instruction limit 46*232UnlimitedUnlimitedUnlimitedUnlimitedUnlimitedUnlimited
Position register NoNoNoNoNoYesYesYesYes
Instruction slots 8+48+432 + 64512512≥ 512≥ 65536≥ 65536≥ 65536
Executed instructions 8+46*2+8*232 + 6451251265536UnlimitedUnlimitedUnlimited
Texture indirections 444Unlimited4UnlimitedUnlimitedUnlimitedUnlimited
Interpolated registers 2 + 82 + 82 + 82 + 82 + 810323232
Instruction predication NoNoNoYesNoYesNoNoNo
Index input registers NoNoNoNoNoYesYesYesYes
Temp registers 2612 to 32223232409640964096
Constant registers 8832323222416x409616x409616x4096
Arbitrary swizzling NoNoNoYesNoYesYesYesYes
Gradient instructions NoNoNoYesNoYesYesYesYes
Loop count register NoNoNoNoNoYesYesYesYes
Face register (2-sided lighting) NoNoNoNoNoYesYesYesYes
Dynamic flow control NoNoNoNoNo24YesYesYes
Bitwise Operators NoNoNoNoNoNoYesYesYes
Native Integers NoNoNoNoNoNoYesYesYes
  • PS 2.0 = DirectX 9.0 original Shader Model 2 specification.
  • PS 2.0a = NVIDIA GeForce FX-optimized model.
  • PS 2.0b = ATI Radeon X700, X800, X850 shader model, DirectX 9.0b.
  • PS 3.0 = Shader Model 3.0.
  • PS 4.0 = Shader Model 4.0.
  • PS 4.1 = Shader Model 4.1.
  • PS 5.0 = Shader Model 5.0.

"32 + 64" for Executed Instructions means "32 texture instructions and 64 arithmetic instructions."


Vertex shader 比較
Vertex shader 版本 VS 1.1[10] VS 2.0[5][10]VS 2.0a[5][10]VS 3.0[6][10]VS 4.0[7]VS 4.1[11]VS 5.0[9]
# of instruction slots 128256256≥ 512409640964096
Max # of instructions executed Unknown655366553665536655366553665536
Instruction predication NoNoYesYesYesYesYes
Temp registers 12121332409640964096
# constant registers ≥ 96≥ 256≥ 256≥ 25616x409616x409616x4096
Static flow control ???YesYesYesYesYesYes
Dynamic flow control NoNoYesYesYesYesYes
Dynamic flow control depth NoNo2424YesYesYes
Vertex texture fetch NoNoNoYesYesYesYes
# of texture samplers N/AN/AN/A4128128128
Geometry instancing support NoNoNoYesYesYesYes
Bitwise operators NoNoNoNoYesYesYes
Native integers NoNoNoNoYesYesYes
  • VS 2.0 = DirectX 9.0 original Shader Model 2 specification.
  • VS 2.0a = NVIDIA GeForce FX-optimized model.
  • VS 3.0 = Shader Model 3.0.
    • Note that ATI X1000 series cards (e.g. X1900) does not support Vertex Texture Fetch, hence it does not fully comply with the VS 3.0 model. Instead, they offer a feature called "Render to Vertex Buffer (R2VB)" that provides functionality that is a superset of Vertex Texture Fetch.
  • VS 4.0 = Shader Model 4.0.
  • VS 4.1 = Shader Model 4.1.
  • VS 5.0 = Shader Model 5.0.

範例
灰階貼圖用
  • 灰階值 = 0.3 x 紅 + 0.59 x 綠 + 0.11 x 藍
sampler2D Texture0;

float4 ps_main( float2 texCoord  : TEXCOORD0 ) : COLOR
{
   float4 _inColor = tex2D( Texture0, texCoord );
   float gray = 0.3*_inColor.x + 0.59*_inColor.y + 0.11*_inColor.z;
   float4 _outColor = float4(gray, gray, gray, 1.0);
   
   return _outColor;
}

注釋
  1. . msdn.microsoft.com. [2018-06-25]. （原始内容存档于2018-06-25）.
  2. . MSDN. Microsoft. [5 January 2015]. （原始内容存档于2018-06-25）.
  3. . 24 August 2012. （原始内容存档于24 August 2012）. 已忽略未知参数|url-status= (帮助)
  4. . msdn.microsoft.com. 2011-02-08 [2014-08-28]. （原始内容存档于2013-03-16）.
  5. Peeper, Craig. (PPT). microsoft.com: 5–8, 24–25. 2004-03-15.
  6. Shader Model 3.0, Ashu Rege, NVIDIA Developer Technology Group, 2004.
  7. The Direct3D 10 System, David Blythe, Microsoft Corporation, 2006.
  8. . [2014-08-28]. （原始内容存档于2015-12-01）.
  9. . [2014-08-28]. （原始内容存档于2013-09-09）.
  10. . msdn.microsoft.com. 2011-02-08 [2014-08-28]. （原始内容存档于2013-03-14）.
  11. . [2014-08-28]. （原始内容存档于2014-05-16）.

外部連結

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