1989年洛馬普里塔地震
1989年洛馬普里塔地震(英語:)是1989年10月17日當地時間下午5時4分在北加利福尼亞發生的地震,震央位於聖塔克魯茲東北面約10英哩、尼森·馬克斯森林州立公園內一段聖安德烈亞斯斷層。該州立公園以鄰近的聖塔克魯茲山脈的洛馬普里塔峰命名。地震烈度達到矩震級6.9級,最高達到麥加利地震烈度IX級,導致63人死亡、3,757人受傷。聖安德烈斷層的洛馬普里塔段自1906年舊金山大地震以來不甚活躍(特定為地震空白期),直至1988年6月和1989年8月的兩次前震。
奧克蘭倒塌的雙層大橋 | |
聖塔克魯茲 奧克蘭 薩利納斯 | |
日期 | 1989年10月17日 |
---|---|
發生時間 | 10:04:15 UTC(17:04:15 PDT [1] |
持續時間 | 8-15秒[2] |
6.9 Mw [2] | |
震源深度 | 12 mi(19 km) [1] |
37.04°N 121.88°W [1] | |
類型 | 斜滑斷層 |
影響地區 | 美國舊金山灣區中央海岸 |
損失 | $56-60億美元[1][3] |
最大 | IX [1] |
最大加速度 | 0.65g(在震央)[2] |
海嘯 | 有[4][5] |
山體滑坡 | 1,000–4,000 [1][2] |
前震 | 1988年6月27日:5.3 ML[6] 1989年8月8日:5.4 ML[6] |
傷亡 | 死亡63人 受傷3,757人[1][7] |
聖塔克魯茲縣遭到嚴重破壞,而南面的蒙特雷縣也造成一定程度破壞,但一直影響北至舊金山灣區,包括舊金山半島以及海灣對岸的奧克蘭。地震也導致土壤液化,尤其受嚴重破壞的舊金山海港區,但影響在東灣以及蒙特雷灣海岸亦可見,同時出現了非破壞性海嘯。
參見
- 1994年諾斯里奇地震
- 地震工程
- 加利福尼亞州地震列表
- 美國地震列表
參考資料
- Stover, C. W.; Coffman, J. L., , U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1527, United States Government Printing Office: 98, 99, 180–186, 1993 [2017-08-24], (原始内容存档于2016-05-17)
- Clough, G. W.; Martin, II, J. R.; Chameau, J. L., , , National Academies Press: 29–46, 1994 [2018-04-10], ISBN 978-0309050302, (原始内容存档于2020-08-21)
- Housner 1990,第19–23页
- Ma, K.; Satake, K.; Kanamori, H., (PDF), Geophysical Research Letters (American Geophysical Union), 1991, 18 (4): 637–640 [2017-08-24], Bibcode:1991GeoRL..18..637M, doi:10.1029/91gl00818, (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2010-07-23)
- Breaker, L. C.; Murty, T. S.; Norton, J. G.; Carrol, D., (PDF), Science of Tsunami Hazards (Tsunami Society), 2009, 28 (5): 255–271 [2017-08-24], (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-03-04)
- Perfettini, H.; Stein, R. S.; Simpson, R.; Cocco, M., (PDF), Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth (Wiley), 1999, 104 (B9): 20,169, 20,173, 20,174 [2018-04-10], Bibcode:1999JGR...10420169P, doi:10.1029/1999JB900092, (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-04-21)
- Bolt, B., Fifth, W. H. Freeman and Company: 10–14, 293–297, 2005, ISBN 978-0716775485
來源
- Bonilla, M. G., , , USGS Professional Paper 1551-F, Strong Ground Motion and Ground Failures, United States Government Printing Office, 1992 [2017-08-24], (原始内容存档于2020-08-18)
- Dietz, L. D.; Ellsworth, W. L., , , USGS Professional Paper 1550-D, Earthquake Occurrence, United States Government Printing Office, 1997 [2017-08-24], (原始内容存档于2020-11-30)
- Fradkin, Philip L. Magnitude 8: Earthquakes and Life Along the San Andreas Fault, University of California Press, 1999. ISBN 0-520-22119-2
- Housner, G. W., (PDF), State of California, Office of Planning and Research, 1990 [2017-08-24], (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-11-08)
- McDonnell, J. A., (PDF), United States Government Printing Office, 1993 [2017-08-24], ISBN 0-16-041730-9, (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-10-21)
- Palm, Risa; Michael E. Hodgson. After a California Earthquake: Attitude and Behavior Change, University Of Chicago Press, 1992. ISBN 0-226-64499-5
- Sims, J. D.; Garvin, C. D., , , USGS Professional Paper 1551-B, Strong Ground Motion and Ground Failure, United States Government Printing Office: 151–163, 1998 [2017-08-24], (原始内容存档于2020-08-18)
- Yashinsky, M., , USGS Professional Paper 1552-B, Performance of the Built Environment, United States Government Printing Office: 1–191, 1998 [2017-08-24], (原始内容存档于2020-11-30)
外部連結
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