先行詞

先行詞（上行語，英語：）為語法上(字詞，短語，從句<子句>等)賦予其代詞語式（proform，代名詞、代動詞、親副詞等）意義的一種表達式。[1] 一種"代詞語式"可從其先行詞得出它的意義，例如英語句子："Susan arrived late because traffic held her up."(蘇珊來遲了，因為交通狀況延遲了她的行程)。代詞"her"（她）表明為"Susan"（蘇珊）且其含義也來自"蘇珊"，所以蘇珊是"her"（她）的"先行詞"。"代詞語式"通常跟隨他們的先行詞，但有時它們在先行詞前面，在這種情況下從技術上而言，以處理"下行詞"（postcedent）而不是"上行詞"。前綴<ante->意即"之前"、"在前面"之意，而<post->意即"之後"、"在後面"之意。術語"先行詞"源於傳統的語法。在語言學的術語方面，"先行詞"和"代詞語式"為密切關連，而屬於照应關係。依據約束理論、語法理論的可以辨別出"先行詞"及"下行詞"之間的區別。

參見

代詞語式(Proform)
關係子句
句法範疇(Syntactic category)
下指語(Cataphora/cataphor)
下行語(postcedent/後行詞)

注释

Definitions of "antecedent" along these lines can be found, for instance, in Crystal (1999:20) and Radford (2004:322)

參考文獻

Carnie, A. 2013. Syntax: A generative introduction. 3rd edition. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
Crystal, D. 1997. A dictionary of linguistics and phonetics. 4th edition. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers.
Radford, A. 2004. English syntax: An introduction. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Tesnière, L. 1969. Éléments de syntaxe structurale, 2nd edition. Klincksieck, Paris.

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[1] Definitions of "antecedent" along these lines can be found, for instance, in Crystal (1999:20) and Radford (2004:322)