凝华
凝华(英語:)是指一种物质从气态不经过液态直接转化为固态的过程,是物质在温度和气压低於三相点的时候发生的物态变化。
凝华是放热反应。常见的例子有结霜。
与凝华相反的过程称做昇华,指物质从固态直接变成气态。
参考资料
- Jacobson, Mark Z., Fundamentals of Atmospheric Modeling, Cambridge University Press, 2nd ed., 2005, p. 525 ISBN 978-0-521-83970-9
- Moore, John W., et al., Principles of Chemistry: The Molecular Science, Brooks Cole, 2009, p. 387 ISBN 978-0-495-39079-4
- Whitten, Kenneth W., et al., Chemistry, Brooks-Cole, 9th ed., 2009, p. 7 ISBN 978-0-495-39163-0
- . Glencoe Science.
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