動物總界

动物总界
	前方为象耳海绵（Agelas clathrodes），后方则是两种珊瑚：黑海扇（Iciligorgia schrammi）及巨裂孔柳珊瑚（Plexaurella nutans）.
科学分类
总域：	新壁總域 Neomura
域：	真核域 Eukaryota
演化支：	單鞭毛生物 Unikonta
演化支：	後鞭毛生物 Opisthokonta
总界：	动物总界 Holozoa; Lang et al., 2002
演化支
	中黏菌门 Ichthyosporea (= Mesomycetozoea); 多形壶菌 Pluriformea 珊瑚壶菌 Corallochytrium; Syssomonas; ; 蜷丝动物 Filozoa 蜷丝球虫纲 Filasterea; 领鞭毛动物 Choanozoa 领鞭毛虫纲 Choanoflagellata; 动物界 Animalia; ; ;

动物总界（学名：Holozoa）是后鞭毛生物的一个演化支，包括了动物和其它与动物界近缘、但与真菌界远缘的单细胞亲属在内。[1][2][3][4]另外，Holozoa也是长带海鞘属（Distaplia）的旧学名。[5]

种系发生

基于2011年多基因分析，后鞭毛生物各演化支的关系如下图所示[6][7][8]，真菌总界的分类则基于Tedersoo等人的研究。[9]

後鞭毛生物

真菌總界

核形蟲綱

	泉生蟲目

	核形蟲目

後孢菌

BCG2

	真菌界

	滑壺菌門

BCG1

隱真菌門/

羅茲菌

	Namako-37

	微孢子蟲

動物總界

中黏菌門

多形壺菌

	Syssomonas

	珊瑚壺菌

蜷絲動物

蜷絲球蟲綱

領鞭毛動物

	領鞭毛蟲

	動物界

参考文献

. Biochemistry Mosc. December 2007, 72 (12): 1313–23 [2019-09-29]. PMID 18205615. doi:10.1134/S000629790712005X. （原始内容存档于2019-07-13）.
. Curr. Biol. October 2002, 12 (20): 1773–8. PMID 12401173. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(02)01187-9.
Shalchian-Tabrizi, Kamran; Minge, Marianne A.; Espelund, Mari; Orr, Russell; Ruden, Torgeir; Jakobsen, Kjetill S.; Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Aramayo, Rodolfo. . PLoS ONE. 7 May 2008, 3 (5): e2098. PMC 2346548. PMID 18461162. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002098.
. Gene. August 2009, 442 (1–2): 63–72. PMID 19393304. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2009.04.011.
Tatiàn, Marcos; Antacli, Julieta Maria; Sahade, Ricardo. . Scientia Marina. 2005, 69 (suppl. 2): 205–214. doi:10.3989/scimar.2005.69s2205.
Parfrey, Laura Wegener; Lahr, Daniel J. G.; Knoll, Andrew H.; Katz, Laura A. . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 16 August 2011, 108 (33): 13624–13629. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3158185. PMID 21810989. doi:10.1073/pnas.1110633108.
Torruella, Guifré; de Mendoza, Alex; Grau-Bové, Xavier; Antó, Meritxell; Chaplin, Mark A.; del Campo, Javier; Eme, Laura; Pérez-Cordón, Gregorio; Whipps, Christopher M. . Current Biology. 21 September 2015, 25 (18): 2404–2410. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 26365255. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.07.053 （英语）.
Hehenberger, Elisabeth; Tikhonenkov, Denis V.; Kolisko, Martin; Campo, Javier del; Esaulov, Anton S.; Mylnikov, Alexander P.; Keeling, Patrick J. . Current Biology. 2017, 27 (13): 2043–2050.e6. PMID 28648822. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.06.006.
Tedersoo, Leho; Sánchez-Ramírez, Santiago; Kõljalg, Urmas; Bahram, Mohammad; Döring, Markus; Schigel, Dmitry; May, Tom; Ryberg, Martin; Abarenkov, Kessy. . Fungal Diversity. 2018, 90 (1): 135–159. ISSN 1560-2745. doi:10.1007/s13225-018-0401-0 （英语）.

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[pmid18205615-1] . Biochemistry Mosc. December 2007, 72 (12): 1313–23 [2019-09-29]. PMID 18205615. doi:10.1134/S000629790712005X. （原始内容存档于2019-07-13）.

[pmid12401173-2] . Curr. Biol. October 2002, 12 (20): 1773–8. PMID 12401173. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(02)01187-9.

[pmid18461162-3] Shalchian-Tabrizi, Kamran; Minge, Marianne A.; Espelund, Mari; Orr, Russell; Ruden, Torgeir; Jakobsen, Kjetill S.; Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Aramayo, Rodolfo. . PLoS ONE. 7 May 2008, 3 (5): e2098. PMC 2346548. PMID 18461162. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002098.

[pmid19393304-4] . Gene. August 2009, 442 (1–2): 63–72. PMID 19393304. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2009.04.011.

[5] Tatiàn, Marcos; Antacli, Julieta Maria; Sahade, Ricardo. . Scientia Marina. 2005, 69 (suppl. 2): 205–214. doi:10.3989/scimar.2005.69s2205.

[6] Parfrey, Laura Wegener; Lahr, Daniel J. G.; Knoll, Andrew H.; Katz, Laura A. . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 16 August 2011, 108 (33): 13624–13629. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3158185. PMID 21810989. doi:10.1073/pnas.1110633108.

[7] Torruella, Guifré; de Mendoza, Alex; Grau-Bové, Xavier; Antó, Meritxell; Chaplin, Mark A.; del Campo, Javier; Eme, Laura; Pérez-Cordón, Gregorio; Whipps, Christopher M. . Current Biology. 21 September 2015, 25 (18): 2404–2410. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 26365255. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.07.053 （英语）.

[8] Hehenberger, Elisabeth; Tikhonenkov, Denis V.; Kolisko, Martin; Campo, Javier del; Esaulov, Anton S.; Mylnikov, Alexander P.; Keeling, Patrick J. . Current Biology. 2017, 27 (13): 2043–2050.e6. PMID 28648822. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.06.006.

[9] Tedersoo, Leho; Sánchez-Ramírez, Santiago; Kõljalg, Urmas; Bahram, Mohammad; Döring, Markus; Schigel, Dmitry; May, Tom; Ryberg, Martin; Abarenkov, Kessy. . Fungal Diversity. 2018, 90 (1): 135–159. ISSN 1560-2745. doi:10.1007/s13225-018-0401-0 （英语）.