卡諾熱機

卡諾熱機[2]是一個依卡諾循環運作的虛擬引擎,其基本架構是由尼古拉·卡诺在1824年建立,在1834年時埃米尔·克拉佩龙擴充了卡諾熱機的概念,在1857及1866年提出的概念時,魯道夫·克勞修斯也對卡諾熱機進行數學的闡述。

一個卡諾熱機的示意圖,其中abcd為圓柱的容器,cd為活塞,而A和B為二個固定溫度的機構。圓柱容器可位在同時接觸二機構的位置,或是如圖所示,位在不和任一機構接觸的位置[1]

每一個熱力學系統都有其特定的狀態,當一系統在幾個不同的狀態之間變化,最後回到原來的初始狀態時,就產生了熱力學循環熱機的特性是在熱力學循環的過程中,系統會對外界作功。

參考資料

  1. Figure 1 in Carnot (1824, p. 17) and Carnot (1890, p. 63). In the diagram, the diameter of the vessel is large enough to bridge the space between the two bodies, but in the model, the vessel is never in contact with both bodies simultaneously. Also, the diagram shows an unlabeled axial rod attached to the outside of the piston.
  2. In French, Carnot uses machine à feu, which Thurston translates as heat-engine or steam-engine. In a footnote, Carnot distinguishes the steam-engine (machine à vapeur) from the heat-engine in general. (Carnot, 1824, p. 5 and Carnot, 1890, p. 43)
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