印度崛起

由於擁有龐大的人口數量以及其快速增長的經濟和軍事領域，使印度通常被認為是一個新興的力量[1][2]，是潜在超级大国。隨著印度军事实力的成长，印度已經擁有核武器、洲際彈道導彈、兩艘航空母艦，而且還成為全球第四個成功開發彈道導彈防禦系統（印度彈道導彈防禦系統計劃）的國家。

在太空領域上印度也有著不少成就，例如它的月船1號和火星軌道探測器兩個太空探測器項目，都顯示印度正一步一步努力邁向世界大國之列。

历史
從公元一年開始根據安格斯·麥迪森的預測的多個經濟體主要對世界GDP的貢獻[3]在圖中可看見18世紀以前，中國和印度一直是世界上最大的兩個經濟體。

根據一些學者[4][5][6]、媒體[7][8][9]和经济史學家安格斯·麦迪森（Angus Maddison）在他所著的《世界經濟千年史》中所說，從公元一至一千年印度曾經構成了的世界最大經濟體。[10][11]此外，當中國佔有世界經濟主導地位時，印度將會是世界第二大經濟體。[10]印度的經濟總量在1700年曾經佔有世界的27%（相比歐洲當時佔有23%），但直至1950年只佔有3%。[12]也因此許多現代經濟史學家指責殖民地統治者令印度的經濟地位下降。[13][14]

在17世紀時，印度和中國的國內生產總值佔有世界的60%至70%。[15][16]

影響因素

雖然印度已經被確定為一個潜在超级大国，[17][18]也常被稱為南亞地區的「天生」霸主（例如其在南亞地區擁有的壓倒性優勢，包括政治、經濟、軍事、文化和人口數量），[19][20]但印度國內存在著深層次的矛盾，極大的貧富差距和基礎建設的落後等，若果印度不克服這些問題將會大大阻礙其發展。[21]

參見條目

延伸閱讀
  • "Is this the Indian century?" The Guardian.
  • Is it the dawn of the Indian century, asks Wharton forum. India Abroad.
  • Action: the Indian Century and China-India relations. SBS.
  • China's Century — or India's?
  • India, China to become superpowers in two decades The Economic Times.
  • China and India: The Power of Two Harvard Business Review
  • Lesson From Old India
  • How China and India will be more powerful than the U.S. by 2030 Daily Mail
  • India, the Next Great Basketball Superpower? The Atlantic.
  • Dirks, Nicholas (2008) The Scandal of Empire: India and the Creation of Imperial Britain. Belknap Press ISBN 978-0-674-02724-4.
  • Durant, Will (1930) The Case for India. New York: Simon and Schuster.
  • India: The Rise of an Asian Giant ISBN 978-0-300-11309-9
  • Kennedy, Paul (1989) The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers. Vintage; 1 edition ISBN 978-0-679-72019-5.
  • Lak, Daniel (2009) India Express: The Future of the New Superpower. Palgrave Macmillan ISBN 0-230-61759-X.
  • Luce, Edward (2008) In Spite of the Gods: The Rise of Modern India. Anchor ISBN 978-1-4000-7977-3.
  • Marks, Robert (2007) The Origins of the Modern World: A Global and Ecological Narrative from the Fifteenth to the Twenty-first Century. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers ISBN 978-0-7425-5419-1.
  • McKinsey & Company Inc. (2013) Reimagining India: Unlocking the Potential of Asia's Next Superpower. Simon & Schuster ISBN 978-1-4767-3530-6.
  • Meredith, Robyn (2008) The Elephant and the Dragon: The Rise of India and China and What It Means for All of Us. W. W. Norton & Company ISBN 978-0-393-33193-6.
  • Parthasarathi, Prasannan (2011) Why Europe Grew Rich and Asia Did Not : Global Economic Divergence, 1600–1850. Cambridge University Press ISBN 978-0-521-16824-3.
  • Sieff, Martin (2010) Shifting Superpowers: The New and Emerging Relationships between the United States, China and India. Cato Institute ISBN 978-1-935308-21-8.
  • Smith, Jeff (2013) Cold Peace: China-India Rivalry in the Twenty-First Century. Lexington Books ISBN 978-0-7391-8278-9.
  • Tharoor, Shashi (2012) Pax Indica: India and the World of the Twenty-First Century. Penguin Global ISBN 978-0-670-08574-3.
  • Gupte, Pranay. . December 29, 2013.
  • Pascaline Winand; Marika Vicziany; Poonam Datar. . Edward Elgar Publishing. : 174.

參考來源
  1. A Índia como economia emergente: a importância das energias renováveis na estratégia de sustentabilidade energética - Universidade Tecnológica de Lisboa
  2. Lydon, Christopher. .
  3. Data table in Maddison A (2007), Contours of the World Economy I-2030AD, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0199227204
  4. . Digital Journal. [23 June 2014].
  5. . Le Monde diplomatique. [23 June 2014].
  6. . Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. [3 July 2014].
  7. . Marxist Writers’ Archive. [19 June 2014].
  8. . Infinity Foundation. [19 June 2014].
  9. . The Independent. [19 June 2014].
  10. (PDF). World Economy. [21 May 2013]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-07-22）.
  11. Maddison, Angus. . OECD Publishing by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2006: 656 [2015-07-30]. ISBN 9789264022621. （原始内容存档于2014-10-15）.
  12. Madison, Angus. . OECD Publishing. 2006: 638 [23 May 2013]. ISBN 92-64-02261-9. doi:10.1787/456125276116.
  13. Booker, M. Keith. . University of Michigan. 1997: 153–154. ISBN 9780472107803.
  14. T.R. Jain; V.K. Ohri. . VK publications. : 15. ISBN 9788190986496.
  15. . World Finance - The Voice of the Market. [4 September 2014]. （原始内容存档于2014-09-04）.
  16. (PDF). Future Of Financial Markets (FOFM). [4 September 2014]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014年7月22日）.
  17. Perkovich, George. (PDF). The Washington Quarterly. 2003, (27.1) [2007-12-13]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2008-02-27）.
  18. Dilip Mohite. . Vol. 7, No. 3. Arms Control, Disarmament, and International Security (ACDIS). Spring 1993 [2007-12-13]. （原始内容存档于2006-09-01）.
  19. "‘India’s decade could pave way for an Indian century’." 页面存档备份，存于 Hindustan Times.
  20. . omantribune. [2015-07-30]. （原始内容存档于2015-01-19）.
  21. A Índia e a nova ordem mundial Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
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