古鯨

古鯨小目學名:)也作原鲸小目,即古代鯨魚,包括現代鯨魚的祖先。古鯨小目是鯨下目三個小目之一,传统上用以概括史前鲸豚类,但不包括其存活至现代的后代,因此,这是一个并系群分类,不是自然的演化支。古鯨擁有後肢,不像今日的鯨類。最早的古鯨可能完全在陸地上活動。其滅絕原因至今眾說紛紜,其中一種解釋是由於氣候變化,海洋變得過份寒冷,造成古鯨類滅絕。

古鯨小目
化石时期:始新世中新世
PreЄ
巴基鯨(上)與走鯨(下)的骨骼模擬
科学分类
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 哺乳纲 Mammalia
目: 偶蹄目 Artiodactyla
演化支 全撰类 Artiofabula
演化支 鯨反芻類 Cetruminantia
演化支 鯨凹齒形類 Cetancodontamorpha
亚目: 鲸河马形亚目 Whippomorpha
演化支 鲸形类 Cetaceomorpha
下目: 鲸下目 Cetacea
并系群 古鯨小目 Archaeoceti
Flower, 1833
传统分类中包含的子类群
在传统分类中不包含,
但在演化上是其演化支
  • 须鲸小目 Mysticeti
  • 齿鲸小目 Odontoceti
辛西婭鯨(左)與走鯨(右)的骨骼
東京國立科學博物館展示的庫奇鯨骨骼
撒格哈鯨的骨骼

分类

  • 古鯨小目 Archaeoceti Flower, 1833
    • 巴基鲸科 Pakicetidae Gingerich e Russell, 1990
      • 巴基鲸 Pakicetus Gingerich e Russell, 1981
      • 娜拉鲸 Nalacetus Thewissen e Hussain, 1998
      • 鱼中兽 Ichthyolestes Dehm e Oettingen-Spilberg, 1958
    • 步鲸科 Ambulocetidae Thewissen, Madar e Hussain, 1996
    • 雷明頓鯨科 Remingtonocetidae Kumar e Sahni, 1986
      • 安德鲁斯鲸 Andrewsiphius Sahni e Mishra, 1975
      • 雷明顿鲸 Remingtonocetus Kumar e Sahni, 1986
      • 大连特鲸 Dalanistes Gingerich, Arif e Clyde, 1995
      • 阿托克鲸 Attockicetus Thewissen e Hussain, 2000
      • 库奇鲸 Kutchicetus Bajpai e Thewissen, 2000
      • Rayanistes Bebej, Zalmout, El-Aziz, Antar, and Gingerich, 2016
    • 原鲸科 Protocetidae Stromer, 1908
      • 埃及鲸 Aegyptocetus Bianucci & Gingerich 2011
      • Tupelocetus
      • 原鲸亚科 Protocetinae Gingerich et al. 2005)
        • 熊神鲸 Artiocetus Gingerich, ul Haq, Zalmout, Khan & Malkani, 2001
        • 圆齿鲸 Crenatocetus McLeod & Barnes 2008
        • Dhedacetus Bajpai and Thewissen, 2014
        • 加氏鲸 Gaviacetus Gingerich, Arif e Clye, 1995
        • 印支鲸 Indocetus Sahni e Mishra, 1975
        • Kharodacetus Bajpai and Thewissen, 2014
        • 慈母鲸 Maiacetus Gingerich et al., 2009
        • 原鲸 Protocetus Fraas, 1904
        • 乔丹斯鲸 Qaisracetus Gingerich,Ul-Haq, Khan e Zalmout, 2001
        • 罗德侯鲸 Rodhocetus Gingerich, Raza, Arif, Anwar e Zhou, 1994
        • 泰卡鲸 Takracetus Gingerich, Arif e Clyde, 1995
        • 多哥鲸 Togocetus Gingerich & Cappetta 2014
        • Peregocetus Lambert et al., 2019
      • 麦卡鲸亚科 Makaracetinae P. D. Gingerich et al. 2005
        • 麦卡鲸 Makaracetus P. D. Gingerich et al. 2005
      • 乔治亚鲸亚科 Georgiacetinae Gingerich et al., 2005
        • 巴比亚鲸 Babiacetus Trivedy e Satsangi, 1984
        • 卡罗莱鲸 CarolinacetusGeisler et al. 2005
        • 始原鲸 Eocetus Fraas, 1904
        • 乔治亚鲸 Georgiacetus Hulbert, Petkewich, Bishop, Bukry e Aleshire, 1998
        • 那支特鲸 Natchitochia Uhen, 1998
        • 帕坡氏鲸 Pappocetus Andrews, 1920
        • Pontobasileus Leidy 1873
    • 龙王鲸科 Basilosauridae Cope, 1868
      • 龙王鲸亚科 Basilosaurinae Cope, 1868
        • 帝王鲸 Basilotritus Goldin & Zvonok 2013
        • 龙王鲸 Basilosaurus Harlan, 1834
        • 王鲸 Basiloterus Gingerich, Arif, Bhatti, Anwar e Sanders, 1997
        • Eocetus Fraas, 1904
        • Platyosphys Kellogg, 1936
    • 矛齿鲸科 Dorudontidae (Miller, 1923)
      • 矛齿鲸亚科 Dorudontinae Miller, 1923
        • 弯臂鲸 Ancalecetus Gingerich e Uhen, 1996
        • 金原鲸 Chrysocetus Uhen e Gingerich, 2001
        • 辛西娅鲸 Cynthiacetus Uhen, 2005
        • 矛齿鲸 Dorudon Gibbes, 1845
        • 奥库卡赫鲸 Ocucajea Uhen et al. 2011
        • 海乡鲸 Pontogeneus Leidy, 1852
        • 施特罗默鲸 Stromerius Gingerich, 2007
        • 撒格哈鯨屬 Saghacetus Gingerich, 1992
        • 死神鲸 Supayacetus Uhen et al. 2011
        • 轭根鲸 Zygorhiza True, 1904

种系发生学

鲸形类 Cetaceomorpha

劳氏兽科 Raoellidae

鲸下目 Cetacea

巴基鲸科 Pakicetidae

步鲸科 Ambulocetidae

雷明顿鲸科 Remingtonocetidae

原鲸科 Protocetidae

 

龙王鲸科 Basilosauridae

矛齿鲸科 Dorudontidae

齿鲸小目 Odontoceti

须鲸小目 Mysticeti

古鲸小目 Archaeoceti

地質時期

各类古鲸的化石所在地质时期

參考文献

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外部連結

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