哈利法克斯爆炸
哈利法克斯爆炸發生在1917年12月6日,加拿大新斯科舍省哈利法克斯,法國貨船勃朗峰號滿載炸藥,與挪威船舶SS伊莫在連接哈利法克斯港與貝德福德窪地的海峽相撞[2]。白朗峰號上發生火災,大約二十分鐘後船上的炸藥爆炸,摧毀哈利法克斯列治文區,並觸發18米高海嘯。大約有2000人死於海嘯,火災和建築物倒塌,近9000人受傷[3]。哈利法克斯爆炸是核武器發展前最大的人造爆炸[4],約2900噸TNT炸藥当量。1918年5月,達爾豪西大學教授霍華德·L.布朗森估計爆炸約2400噸TNT炸藥当量[5]。
![]() 蘑菇雲[1] | |
位置 | 加拿大新斯科舍省哈利法克斯 |
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日期 | 1917年12月6日 9:04:35(AST) |
死亡 | 2,000(估算)(已知1,950人) |
受傷 | 9,000(估算) |
參考
- Several locations have been attributed to this image but comparisons of direction, land elevation and the foreground vessel mostly strongly suggest Bedford Basin Joel Zemel, "Halifax Explosion - The Anatomy Of A Disaster: An Analysis of Two 1917 Halifax Explosion Blast Cloud Photographs" 页面存档备份,存于
- The ship had been named with the initials - JMO - after the senior owner of the company, Johan Martin Osmundsen (aka Jurgens M. Osmond), but people started calling her Imo and the name stuck. Source: Methods of Disaster Research by Robert A. Stallings (International Research Committee on Disasters ©2002), pp. 281-282.
- . CBC.ca. 2003-09-19 [2011-02-25]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-03).
- . New York City: Time Home Entertainment. 2012: 56. ISBN 1-60320-247-1.
- John Griffith Armstrong, The Halifax Explosion and the Royal Canadian Navy: Inquiry and Intrigue (2004, UBC Press), pp. 41-42
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