哈利法克斯爆炸

哈利法克斯爆炸發生在1917年12月6日,加拿大新斯科舍省哈利法克斯,法國貨船勃朗峰號滿載炸藥,與挪威船舶SS伊莫在連接哈利法克斯港貝德福德窪地的海峽相撞[2]。白朗峰號上發生火災,大約二十分鐘後船上的炸藥爆炸,摧毀哈利法克斯列治文區,並觸發18米高海嘯。大約有2000人死於海嘯,火災和建築物倒塌,近9000人受傷[3]。哈利法克斯爆炸是核武器發展前最大的人造爆炸[4],約2900噸TNT炸藥当量。1918年5月,達爾豪西大學教授霍華德·L.布朗森估計爆炸約2400噸TNT炸藥当量[5]

蘑菇雲[1]
位置加拿大新斯科舍省哈利法克斯
日期1917年12月6日
9:04:35(AST
死亡2,000(估算)(已知1,950人)
受傷9,000(估算)

參考

  1. Several locations have been attributed to this image but comparisons of direction, land elevation and the foreground vessel mostly strongly suggest Bedford Basin Joel Zemel, "Halifax Explosion - The Anatomy Of A Disaster: An Analysis of Two 1917 Halifax Explosion Blast Cloud Photographs" 页面存档备份,存于
  2. The ship had been named with the initials - JMO - after the senior owner of the company, Johan Martin Osmundsen (aka Jurgens M. Osmond), but people started calling her Imo and the name stuck. Source: Methods of Disaster Research by Robert A. Stallings (International Research Committee on Disasters ©2002), pp. 281-282.
  3. . CBC.ca. 2003-09-19 [2011-02-25]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-03).
  4. . New York City: Time Home Entertainment. 2012: 56. ISBN 1-60320-247-1.
  5. John Griffith Armstrong, The Halifax Explosion and the Royal Canadian Navy: Inquiry and Intrigue (2004, UBC Press), pp. 41-42
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