圆颚蛛科
管蛛科(學名:),中國大陸稱之為圓顎蛛科[1][2]或圆额蛛科[3],是蛛形綱蜘蛛目新蛛亞目之下的一個科。如同其他「袋蛛類」物種,本科的分類過往亦一直很混亂。過往,本科物種均為大型廢紙桶分類袋蛛科的蜘蛛,但現時科內大多數物種均已獨立出去,使袋蛛科餘下的物種只有很少。本科原來的成員在形態學上顯然是相似的,但只限於下列三項:
- 牠們均有排列成兩列的八隻眼;
- 有圓錐形的前噴絲頭觸;以及
- 通常是遊蕩的掠食者,在植物的末端、葉片之間、樹皮底下或岩石底下結成絲般的休息處或囊。
圆颚蛛科 化石时期:古近纪–現在 | |
---|---|
Nyssus species photographed in Berowra, 澳大利亚. | |
科学分类 | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
纲: | 蛛形纲 Arachnida |
目: | 蜘蛛目 Araneae |
亚目: | 背突蛛亞目 Opisthothelae |
下目: | 新蛛亞目 Araneomorphae |
总科: | 圆颚蛛总科 Corinnoidea |
科: | 圆颚蛛科 Corinnidae Karsch, 1880 |
多样性 | |
68個屬,872個物種 | |
除了袋蛛科本身,就連管蛛科之下的兩個亞科後來也獨立出去成為各自一個科,就是 Phrurolithidae跟Trachelidae。除去這兩個亞科之後,本科還有67個屬、720個物種,分佈於世界各地[4]。當中最常見的屬為純蛛屬,在全世界均有分佈。這種蜘蛛的獨特處在於其外型會模仿螞蟻及蟻蜂。其他形態上類似螞蟻的管蛛科物種還有:Mazax、Myrmecium及Myrmecotypus三個屬的物種。Corinna屬是本科的模式屬,是一個體型細小的蜘蛛分類。
分類
屬
截至2019年4月 ,World Spider Catalog接納本科包含下列各屬[4]:
- Abapeba Bonaldo, 2000 — South America, Panama, Caribbean, Mexico
- Aetius O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897 — Asia, Côte d'Ivoire
- Allomedmassa Dankittipakul & Singtripop, 2014 — Malaysia, Thailand, China
- Apochinomma Pavesi, 1881 — South America, Africa, Asia
- Arushina Caporiacco, 1947 — Tanzania
- Attacobius Mello-Leitão, 1925 — Brazil, Argentina
- Austrophaea Lawrence, 1952 — South Africa
- Battalus Karsch, 1878 — Australia
- Brachyphaea Simon, 1895 — Tanzania, Kenya, Mozambique
- Cambalida Simon, 1910 — Africa, India
- 純蛛屬 Castianeira Keyserling, 1879:分佈於亞洲、北美洲、中美洲、古巴、南美洲、非洲及歐洲。
- Castoponera Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 — Indonesia, Malaysia
- Coenoptychus Simon, 1885 — Africa, Asia
- Copa Simon, 1886 — Sri Lanka, Africa, Australia
- Copuetta Haddad, 2013 — Africa
- Corinna C. L. Koch, 1841 — Caribbean, South America, Africa, Papua New Guinea, Mexico, Central America, Pakistan
- Corinnomma Karsch, 1880 — Asia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Africa
- Creugas Thorell, 1878 — Mexico, South America, Myanmar, Australia, Central America
- Crinopseudoa Jocqué & Bosselaers, 2011 — Guinea, Liberia
- Cycais Thorell, 1877 — Indonesia, Japan
- Disnyssus Raven, 2015 — Australia
- Echinax Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 — Asia, Africa
- Ecitocobius Bonaldo & Brescovit, 1998 — Brazil
- Erendira Bonaldo, 2000 — Venezuela, Panama, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- Falconina Brignoli, 1985 — South America, Panama, Cuba, United States
- Graptartia Simon, 1896 — Morocco, Algeria
- Hortipes Bosselaers & Ledoux, 1998 — Africa
- Humua Ono, 1987 — Japan
- Ianduba Bonaldo, 1997 — Brazil, Argentina
- Iridonyssus Raven, 2015 — Australia
- Kolora Raven, 2015 — Australia
- Leichhardteus Raven & Baehr, 2013 — Australia
- Leptopicia Raven, 2015 — Australia
- Mandaneta Strand, 1932 — Ghana, Congo
- Mazax O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898 — North America, Jamaica, Central America, Argentina
- Medmassa Simon, 1887 — Asia, Oceania
- Megalostrata Karsch, 1880 — Cuba, Mexico, Panama
- Melanesotypus Raven, 2015 — Solomon Is.
- Merenius Simon, 1910 — Africa, Yemen
- Messapus Simon, 1898 — Africa
- Methesis Simon, 1896 — South America
- Myrmecium Latreille, 1824 — South America, Trinidad
- Myrmecotypus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894 — North America, Argentina, Central America
- Nucastia Raven, 2015 — Australia
- Nyssus Walckenaer, 1805 — Australia, New Zealand, Fiji
- Olbus Simon, 1880 — Chile
- Ozcopa Raven, 2015 — Australia
- Parachemmis Chickering, 1937 — Panama, South America
- Paradiestus Mello-Leitão, 1915 — Brazil
- Paramedmassa Jin, H. Zhang & F. Zhang, 2019 — Thailand, Laos, China
- Poecilipta Simon, 1897 — Australia
- Pranburia Deeleman-Reinhold, 1993 — Asia
- Procopius Thorell, 1899 — Africa
- Pronophaea Simon, 1897 — South Africa
- Psellocoptus Simon, 1896 — Venezuela
- Pseudocorinna Simon, 1910 — Africa
- Scorteccia Caporiacco, 1936 — Libya
- Septentrinna Bonaldo, 2000 — United States, Mexico, Guatemala
- Serendib Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 — Thailand, Indonesia
- Simonestus Bonaldo, 2000 — South America, Central America, Mexico
- Sphecotypus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895 — Asia, Nicaragua, Brazil
- Stethorrhagus Simon, 1896 — South America
- Tapixaua Bonaldo, 2000 — Brazil, Peru
- Ticopa Raven, 2015 — Australia
- Tupirinna Bonaldo, 2000 — Brazil, Venezuela, Panama
- Vendaphaea Haddad, 2009 — South Africa
- Wasaka Haddad, 2013 — Africa
- Xeropigo O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882 — South America, Trinidad, United States
參考文獻
- 宋大祥; 朱明生. . 河北师范大学学报(自然科學). 1998-01, 22 (1): 104–108 [2020-12-25] (中文(简体)).
- . . 香港生物多樣性資料庫(HKBIS). [2020-01-05]. (原始内容存档于2020-02-17) (中文(繁體)).
- 中国科学院动物研究所. . 《中国动物物种编目数据库》. 中国科学院微生物研究所. [2009-04-28]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05) (中文(简体)).
- . World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. [2019-04-22]. (原始内容存档于2020-01-12).
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