塞法迪犹太人

塞法迪犹太人西班牙語:希伯来语סְפָרַדִּי,提比里安注音法:Səp̄āraddî),是指在十五世纪被驱逐前,祖籍伊比利半岛並遵守西班牙裔犹太人生活习惯的犹太人。塞法迪犹太人屬於猶太教正統派的一支,佔猶太人总数大約20%。由於長期生活在伊比利半島上,生活習慣與其他分支頗為不同。說拉迪諾語。塞法迪一词意思为“西班牙的”、塞法迪是犹太人称呼伊比利半岛的名字。

塞法迪犹太人
יהדות ספרד(Yahadut Sfarad
埃利亚斯·卡内蒂
爱玛·拉扎露丝
丹尼尔·门多萨
卡米耶·毕沙罗
總人口
2,200,000
占全球15%的犹太人口
分佈地區
 以色列1,400,000
 法國300,000–400,000
 美國200,000–300,000
 阿根廷50,000
 土耳其26,000
 古巴22,000
 墨西哥15,000
 英國8,000
 巴拿马8,000
 哥伦比亚7,000
 摩洛哥6,000
 希臘6,000
 突尼西亞2,000
 2,000
語言
历史:拉迪诺语阿拉伯语哈克蒂亚语犹太-葡萄牙语柏柏尔语加泰罗尼亚语舒亚迪语及其他地方语言
现代:当地语言,包括希伯来语、法语、英语、西班牙语、土耳其语、葡萄牙语、意大利语、拉迪诺语、阿拉伯语
宗教信仰
犹太教
相关族群
阿什肯纳兹犹太人米兹拉希犹太人、其他犹太民族、撒马利亚人、其他黎凡特民族、亚述人、其他近东闪米特民族西班牙人葡萄牙人和其他拉丁裔

在15世紀90年代,隨著西班牙人將穆斯林政權趕回非洲,塞法迪猶太人亦被逐出西班牙(1492年)及葡萄牙(1497年)。多居於南歐中東拉丁美洲等地。

1949年以色列独立战争后,将近850,000名塞法迪犹太人从阿拉伯国家逃离或驱逐,其中约有600,000人迁移至以色列,其他的人则移民至欧洲和美国。

法国犹太人中,塞法迪犹太人占大多数。

參考文獻

  • Ashtor, Eliyahu, The Jews of Moslem Spain, Vol. 2, Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America (1979)
  • Assis, Yom Tov, The Jews of Spain: From Settlement to Expulsion, Jerusalem: Hebrew University of Jerusalem|The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (1988)
  • Baer, Yitzhak. A History of the Jews of Christian Spain. 2 vols. Jewish Publication Society of America (1966).
  • Bowers, W. P. "Jewish Communities in Spain in the Time of Paul the Apostle" in Journal of Theological Studies Vol. 26 Part 2, October 1975, pp. 395–402
  • Dan, Joseph, "The Epic of a Millennium: Judeo-Spanish Culture's Confrontation" in Judaism Vol. 41, No. 2, Spring 1992
  • Gampel, Benjamin R., "Jews, Christians, and Muslims in Medieval Iberia: Convivencia through the Eyes of Sephardic Jews," in Convivencia: Jews, Muslims, and Christians in Medieval Spain, ed. Vivian B. Mann, Thomas F. Glick, and Jerrilynn D. Dodds, New York: George Braziller, Inc. (1992)
  • Kaplan, Yosef, An Alternative Path to Modernity: The Sephardi Diaspora in Western Europe. Brill Publishers (2000). ISBN 90-04-11742-3
  • Katz, Solomon, Monographs of the Mediaeval Academy of America No. 12: The Jews in the Visigothic and Frankish Kingdoms of Spain and Gaul, Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Mediaeval Society of America (1937)
  • Kedourie, Elie, editor. Spain and the Jews: The Sephardi Experience 1492 and After. Thames & Hudson (1992).
  • Raphael, Chaim, The Sephardi Story: A Celebration of Jewish History London: Valentine Mitchell & Co. Ltd. (1991)
  • Sarna, Nahum M., "Hebrew and Bible Studies in Medieval Spain" in Sephardi Heritage, Vol. 1 ed. R. D. Barnett, New York: Ktav Publishing House, Inc. (1971)
  • Sassoon, Solomon David, "The Spiritual Heritage of the Sephardim," in The Sephardi Heritage, Vol. 1 ed. R. D. Barnett, New York: Ktav Publishing House Inc. (1971)
  • Stein, Gloria Sananes, Marguerite: Journey of a Sephardic Woman, Morgantown, PA : Masthof Press, 1997.
  • Stillman, Norman, "Aspects of Jewish Life in Islamic Spain" in Aspects of Jewish Culture in the Middle Ages ed. Paul E. Szarmach, Albany: State University of New York Press (1979)
  • Swetschinski, Daniel. Reluctant Cosmopolitans: The Portuguese Jews of Seventeenth-Century Amsterdam. Litmann Library of Jewish Civilization, (2000)
  • Zolitor, Jeff, "The Jews of Sepharad" Philadelphia: Congress of Secular Jewish Organizations (CSJO) (1997) ("The Jews of Sepharad" reprinted with permission on CSJO website.)

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