塞法迪犹太人
塞法迪犹太人（西班牙語：，希伯来语：סְפָרַדִּי，提比里安注音法：Səp̄āraddî），是指在十五世纪被驱逐前，祖籍伊比利半岛並遵守西班牙裔犹太人生活习惯的犹太人。塞法迪犹太人屬於猶太教正統派的一支，佔猶太人总数大約20%。由於長期生活在伊比利半島上，生活習慣與其他分支頗為不同。說拉迪諾語。塞法迪一词意思为“西班牙的”、塞法迪是犹太人称呼伊比利半岛的名字。
| 塞法迪犹太人 יהדות ספרד（Yahadut Sfarad） | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| 總人口 | ||||||||||||||||
| 2,200,000 占全球15%的犹太人口 | ||||||||||||||||
| 分佈地區 | ||||||||||||||||
 以色列 | 1,400,000 | |||||||||||||||
 法國 | 300,000–400,000 | |||||||||||||||
 美國 | 200,000–300,000 | |||||||||||||||
 阿根廷 | 50,000 | |||||||||||||||
 土耳其 | 26,000 | |||||||||||||||
 古巴 | 22,000 | |||||||||||||||
 墨西哥 | 15,000 | |||||||||||||||
 英國 | 8,000 | |||||||||||||||
 巴拿马 | 8,000 | |||||||||||||||
 哥伦比亚 | 7,000 | |||||||||||||||
 摩洛哥 | 6,000 | |||||||||||||||
 希臘 | 6,000 | |||||||||||||||
 突尼西亞 | 2,000 | |||||||||||||||
 | 2,000 | |||||||||||||||
| 語言 | ||||||||||||||||
| 历史：拉迪诺语、阿拉伯语、哈克蒂亚语、犹太-葡萄牙语、柏柏尔语、加泰罗尼亚语、舒亚迪语及其他地方语言 现代：当地语言，包括希伯来语、法语、英语、西班牙语、土耳其语、葡萄牙语、意大利语、拉迪诺语、阿拉伯语 | ||||||||||||||||
| 宗教信仰 | ||||||||||||||||
| 犹太教 | ||||||||||||||||
| 相关族群 | ||||||||||||||||
| 阿什肯纳兹犹太人、米兹拉希犹太人、其他犹太民族、撒马利亚人、其他黎凡特民族、亚述人、其他近东闪米特民族、西班牙人、葡萄牙人和其他拉丁裔 | ||||||||||||||||
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在15世紀90年代，隨著西班牙人將穆斯林政權趕回非洲，塞法迪猶太人亦被逐出西班牙（1492年）及葡萄牙（1497年）。多居於南歐、中東、拉丁美洲等地。
1949年以色列独立战争后，将近850,000名塞法迪犹太人从阿拉伯国家逃离或驱逐，其中约有600,000人迁移至以色列，其他的人则移民至欧洲和美国。
法国犹太人中，塞法迪犹太人占大多数。
參考文獻
- Ashtor, Eliyahu, The Jews of Moslem Spain, Vol. 2, Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America (1979)
- Assis, Yom Tov, The Jews of Spain: From Settlement to Expulsion, Jerusalem: Hebrew University of Jerusalem|The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (1988)
- Baer, Yitzhak. A History of the Jews of Christian Spain. 2 vols. Jewish Publication Society of America (1966).
- Bowers, W. P. "Jewish Communities in Spain in the Time of Paul the Apostle" in Journal of Theological Studies Vol. 26 Part 2, October 1975, pp. 395–402
- Dan, Joseph, "The Epic of a Millennium: Judeo-Spanish Culture's Confrontation" in Judaism Vol. 41, No. 2, Spring 1992
- Gampel, Benjamin R., "Jews, Christians, and Muslims in Medieval Iberia: Convivencia through the Eyes of Sephardic Jews," in Convivencia: Jews, Muslims, and Christians in Medieval Spain, ed. Vivian B. Mann, Thomas F. Glick, and Jerrilynn D. Dodds, New York: George Braziller, Inc. (1992)
- Kaplan, Yosef, An Alternative Path to Modernity: The Sephardi Diaspora in Western Europe. Brill Publishers (2000). ISBN 90-04-11742-3
- Katz, Solomon, Monographs of the Mediaeval Academy of America No. 12: The Jews in the Visigothic and Frankish Kingdoms of Spain and Gaul, Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Mediaeval Society of America (1937)
- Kedourie, Elie, editor. Spain and the Jews: The Sephardi Experience 1492 and After. Thames & Hudson (1992).
- Raphael, Chaim, The Sephardi Story: A Celebration of Jewish History London: Valentine Mitchell & Co. Ltd. (1991)
- Sarna, Nahum M., "Hebrew and Bible Studies in Medieval Spain" in Sephardi Heritage, Vol. 1 ed. R. D. Barnett, New York: Ktav Publishing House, Inc. (1971)
- Sassoon, Solomon David, "The Spiritual Heritage of the Sephardim," in The Sephardi Heritage, Vol. 1 ed. R. D. Barnett, New York: Ktav Publishing House Inc. (1971)
- Stein, Gloria Sananes, Marguerite: Journey of a Sephardic Woman, Morgantown, PA : Masthof Press, 1997.
- Stillman, Norman, "Aspects of Jewish Life in Islamic Spain" in Aspects of Jewish Culture in the Middle Ages ed. Paul E. Szarmach, Albany: State University of New York Press (1979)
- Swetschinski, Daniel. Reluctant Cosmopolitans: The Portuguese Jews of Seventeenth-Century Amsterdam. Litmann Library of Jewish Civilization, (2000)
- Zolitor, Jeff, "The Jews of Sepharad" Philadelphia: Congress of Secular Jewish Organizations (CSJO) (1997) ("The Jews of Sepharad" reprinted with permission on CSJO website.)
外部連結
Genealogy:
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