字节
位元組（英語：），通常用作计算机信息计量单位，不分数据类型。[1][2] 是通信和数据存储的概念。一個字节代表八個位元。
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从历史的观点上，“字节”表示用于编码单个字符所需要的比特数量。历史上字节长度曾基于硬件为1-48比特不等，最初通常使用6比特或9比特为一字节。今日标准以8比特作为一字节，因8为二进制整数。
八個位元在一些规范（例如工业标准、计算机网络、电信技术等）中常被称为八位组。
字节（）可缩写成，例如表示；位元（）可缩写成，例如Mb表示Megabit。
历史
字节一词是Werner Buchholz于1956年6月在IBM Stretch计算机的早期设计阶段发明的，该计算机的寻址为位和可变字段长度（VFL）指令，指令中编码了字节大小。这是为了避免意外突变为比特而特意重写的。
參見
- 八位元組（）
參考資料
- Blaauw, Gerrit Anne; Brooks, Jr., Frederick Phillips; Buchholz, Werner, , Buchholz, Werner (编), (PDF), McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. / The Maple Press Company, York, PA.: 39–40, 1962 [2017-04-03], LCCN 61-10466, （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-04-03）,
[…] Terms used here to describe the structure imposed by the machine design, in addition to bit, are listed below.
Byte denotes a group of bits used to encode a character, or the number of bits transmitted in parallel to and from input-output units. A term other than character is used here because a given character may be represented in different applications by more than one code, and different codes may use different numbers of bits (i.e., different byte sizes). In input-output transmission the grouping of bits may be completely arbitrary and have no relation to actual characters. (The term is coined from bite, but respelled to avoid accidental mutation to bit.)
A word consists of the number of data bits transmitted in parallel from or to memory in one memory cycle. Word size is thus defined as a structural property of the memory. (The term catena was coined for this purpose by the designers of the Bull fr computer.)
Block refers to the number of words transmitted to or from an input-output unit in response to a single input-output instruction. Block size is a structural property of an input-output unit; it may have been fixed by the design or left to be varied by the program. […] - Bemer, Robert William, , Communications of the ACM, 1959, 2 (9): 19–23, doi:10.1145/368424.368435
延伸閱讀
- Tafel, Hans Jörg. 写于RWTH, Aachen, Germany. [Introduction to digital information processing]. Munich, Germany: Carl Hanser Verlag. 1971: 300. ISBN 3-446-10569-7 （德语）.
Byte = zusammengehörige Folge von i.a. neun Bits; davon sind acht Datenbits, das neunte ein Prüfbit
(NB. Defines a byte as a group of typically 9 bits; 8 data bits plus 1 parity bit.) - (PDF). PDP-10 System Reference Manual 1. Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). August 1969 [2017-04-05]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-04-05）.
- . Computer History Museum. 2017 [2015] [2017-04-03]. （原始内容存档于2017-04-03）.
- Jaffer, Aubrey. . 2011 [2008] [2017-04-03]. （原始内容存档于2017-04-03）.
- Kozierok, Charles M. . 3.0. 2005-09-20 [2001] [2017-04-03]. （原始内容存档于2017-04-03）.
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