岩石列表

岩石依不同的形成方式，可粗略分為三類：火成岩、沉積岩和變質岩。

火成岩 Igneous rocks

火山岩 (Volcanic rock)
- 流紋岩 (Rhyolite)
  - 黑曜岩 (Obsidian)
  - 松脂岩 (Pitchstone)
  - 珍珠岩 (Perlite)
- 粗面岩 (Trachyte)
- 響岩 (Phonolite)
- 英安岩 (Dacite)
- 安山岩 (Andesite)
- 粗安岩 (Latite/Trachyandesite)
- 玄武岩 (Basalt)

浅成岩 (Hypabyssal rock)
- 斑岩 (Porphyry)
- 霏細岩 (Felsite)
- 細晶岩 (Aplite)
- 偉晶岩 (Pegmatite)
- 玢岩 (Porphyrite)
- 粒玄岩 (Dolerite)
- 煌斑岩 (Lamprophyre)

花崗岩

深成岩 (Plutonic rock)
- 花崗岩 (Granite)
- 正長岩 (Syenite)
- 二長岩 (Monzonite)
- 花崗閃長岩 (Granodiorite)
- 閃長岩 (Diorite)
- 輝長岩 (Gabbro)
- 斜長岩 (Anorthosite)
- 橄欖岩 (Peridotite)
- 輝石岩 (Pyroxenite)
- 角閃石岩 (Hornblendite)
- 蛇紋大理岩 (Ophicalcite)
- 碳酸岩 (Carbonatite)

沉積岩 Sedimentary rocks

頁岩

碎屑岩 (Clastic rock)
- 礫岩 (Conglomerate)
- 角礫岩 (Breccia)
- 砂岩／沙岩 (Sandstone)
  - 長石砂岩 (Arkose)
  - 雜砂岩 (Greywacke)
- 泥岩 (Mudstone)
- 頁岩 (Shale)

火山碎屑岩 (Pyroclastic rock)
- 集塊岩 (Agglomerate)
- 凝灰岩 (Tuff)

生物岩 (Biolite)
- 石灰岩 (Limestone)
  - 白堊岩 (Chalk)
- 燧石 (Chert)
- 矽藻土 (Diatomite)
- 疊層岩 (Stromatolites)
- 煤炭 (Coal)
- 油頁岩 (Oil Shale)

化學岩 (Chemical sedimentary rock)
- 石灰岩 (Limestone)
- 白雲岩 (Dolomite)
- 燧石 (Chert)

變質岩 Metamorphic rocks

大理岩

接觸變質岩 (Contact metamorphic rock)
- 角頁岩 (Hornfels)
- 大理岩 (Marble)
- 石英岩 (Quartzite)
- 矽卡岩 (Skarn)
- 雲英岩 (Greisen)

區域變質岩 (Regional metamorphic rock)
- 板岩 (Slate)
- 千枚岩 (Phyllite)
- 片岩 (Schist)
- 片麻岩 (Gneiss)
- 混合岩 (Migmatite)
- 角閃岩 (Amphibolite)
- 麻粒岩／粒變岩 (Granulite)
- 榴輝岩 (Eclogite)
- 蛇紋岩 (Serpentinite)

動力變質岩 (Dynamic metamorphic rock)
- 糜稜岩 (Mylonite)

參考文獻

都城秋穂・久城育夫　『岩石学II - 岩石の性質と分類』　共立出版〈共立全書〉、1975年、ISBN 4-320-00205-9。

參見

外部链接

（英文）British Geological Survey rock classification scheme
（英文）Igneous rock classification 页面存档备份，存于
（英文）Rock Types Article by Encyclopaedia Britannica
（英文）Classification of common rocks and soils
（英文）Metamorphic Rock Classification
（英文）Volcanic rocks
（英文）Earth Science Education Unit virtual rock kit

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