愛德華·霍列特·卡爾

爱德华· 哈利特·“泰德”·卡尔 （Edward Hallett "Ted" Carr，一般簡稱為 E.H. Carr, 1892年6月28日—1982年11月5日），為英國歷史學家、國際關係學者。卡爾為國際關係中的古典現實主義理論的奠基者之一。卡尔出生于英国伦敦一个中产阶级家庭，毕业于剑桥大学。他于1916年进入英国外交部，在那里一直工作到1936年。1917年卡尔开始处理与苏联有关的事务。1919年作为英国代表团的一员，卡尔参加了巴黎和会，此后开始负责与国联相关的工作。1929年开始，卡尔撰写了大量关于俄国、苏联以及国际关系的文章。

爱德华·哈利特·卡爾
Edward Hallett Carr
出生(1892-06-28)1892年6月28日
 英國倫敦
逝世1982年11月3日(1982歲－11歲－03)（90歲）
 英國伦敦
国籍 英國
母校剑桥大学三一学院
职业史家 · 外交官 · 國際關係理論學家 · 新聞從業員
知名于研究苏联历史; 在國際關係理論中創立烏托邦現實主義教學法; 在《历史是什么？》一书中描述了根本的历史性原理
配偶Anne Ward Howe
Betty Behrens
儿女1

著作
繁體中文譯本：《歷史論集》(王任光譯，臺北：幼獅出版社，1968，1990，ISBN：9575301641)、《何謂歷史？》(江政寬譯，臺北：博雅書屋，2009，ISBN：9789866614224)、《何謂歷史》(江政寬譯，臺北：五南圖書，2013，ISBN：9789571174549)
簡體中文譯本：《歷史是什麼？》(吳柱存譯，北京：商務印書館，1981)、(陳恆譯，北京：商務印書館，2007)

選集
  • Dostoevsky (1821–1881): A New Biography, New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1931.
  • The Romantic Exiles: A Nineteenth Century Portrait Gallery, London: Victor Gollancz, 1933.
  • Karl Marx: A Study in Fanaticism, London: Dent, 1934.
  • Michael Bakunin, London: Macmillan, 1937.
  • International Relations Since the Peace Treaties, London: Macmillan, 1937.
  • The Twenty Years' Crisis, 1919–1939: an Introduction to the Study of International Relations, London: Macmillan, 1939, revised edition, 1946.
  • Britain: A Study of Foreign Policy from the Versailles Treaty to the Outbreak of War, London; New York: Longmans, Green & Co., 1939.
  • Conditions of Peace, London: Macmillan, 1942.
  • Nationalism and After, London: Macmillan, 1945.
  • The Soviet Impact on the Western World, 1946.
  • A History of Soviet Russia, London: Macmillan, 1950–1978. Collection of 14 volumes: The Bolshevik Revolution (3 volumes), The Interregnum (1 volume), Socialism in One Country (5 volumes), and The Foundations of a Planned Economy (5 volumes).
  • The New Society, London: Macmillan, 1951.
  • German-Soviet Relations Between the Two World Wars, 1919–1939, London: Geoffrey Cumberlege, 1952.
  • What Is History?, 1961, revised edition ed. R.W. Davies, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1986.
  • 1917 Before and After, London: Macmillan, 1969; American edition: The October Revolution Before and After, New York: Knopf, 1969.
  • The Russian Revolution: From Lenin to Stalin (1917–1929), London: Macmillan, 1979.
  • From Napoleon to Stalin and Other Essays, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1980.
  • The Twilight of the Comintern, 1930–1935, London: Macmillan, 1982.
  • The Comintern and the Spanish Civil War, 1984.

參考文獻
  • Abramsky, Chimen & Williams, Beryl J. (editors) Essays in Honour of E.H. Carr, London: Macmillan, 1974, ISBN 0-333-14384-1.
  • A.K. Review of Michael Bakunin pp. 244–245 from Books Abroad, Volume 12, Issue # 2 Spring 1938.
  • Barber, John "Carr, Edward Hallett" pp. 191–192 from Great Historians of the Modern Age ed. Lucian Boia, New York: Greenwood Press, 1991.
  • Barghoorn, Frederick Review of The Interregnum, 1923–1924 pp. 190–191 from Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Volume 302, November 1955.
  • Beloff, Max "The Dangers of Prophecy" pp. 8–10 from History Today, Volume 42, Issue # 9, September 1992.
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  • Campbell, John Review of The Twilight of the Comintern, 1930–1935 p. 1207 from Foreign Affairs, Volume 61, Issue # 5, Summer 1983.
  • Carr, E. H. German-Soviet Relations Between the Two World Wars, Harper & Row: New York, 1951, 1996
  • Carr, E. H. The Twilight of the Comintern New York : Pantheon Books, 1982
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  • Carsten, F. L. A History of Soviet Russia: Foundations of the Planned Economy, 1926–1929. Volume III, Parts 1–2 pp. 141–144 from The Slavonic and East European Review, Volume 56, Issue # 1, January 1978.
  • Carsten, F. L. Review of A History of Soviet Russia: Foundations of a Planned Economy, 1926–1929. Volume III, Part 3 pp. 138–140 from The Slavonic and East European Review, Volume 58, Issue # 1, January 1980.
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  • Cobb, Adam "Economic Security: E.H. Carr and R.W. Cox-The Most Unlikely Bedfellows" from Cambridge Review of International Studies, Volume 9, 1995.
  • Cobb, Adam "Carr, E.H." pp. 180–181 from The Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing ed. Kelly Boyd, Volume 1, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1999, ISBN 1-884964-33-8.
  • Conolly, Violet Review of 1917: Before and After pp. 735–736 from International Affairs, Volume 45, Issue # 4, October 1969.
  • Conquest, Robert "Agit-Prof" pp. 32–38 from The New Republic, Volume 424, Issue # 4, 1 November 1999.
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  • Cox, Michael "Will the Real E. H. Carr Please Stand up?" pages 643–653 from International Affairs, Volume 75, Issue # 3, July 1999.
  • Cox, Michael (editor) E.H. Carr: A Critical Appraisal, London: Palgrave, 2000, ISBN 0-333-72066-0.
    • Cox, Michael "Introduction" pp. 1–20.
    • Davies, R.W. "Carr's Changing Views of the Soviet Union" pp. 91–108.
    • Halliday, Fred "Reason and Romance: The Place of Revolution in the Works of E.H. Carr" pp. 258–279.
    • Haslam, Jonathan "E.H. Carr's Search for Meaning" pp. 21–35.
    • Jones, Charles "'An Active Danger': Carr at The Times" pp. 68–87.
    • Porter, Brian "E.H. Carr-The Aberystwyth Years, 1936–1947" pp. 36–67.
    • Stephanson, Anders "The Lessons of What Is History?" pp. 283–303.
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  • Davies, R.W. . New Left Review (New Left Review). May–June 1984, I (145): 56–70 [2017-09-07]. （原始内容存档于2017-07-11）.
  • Deutscher, Isaac "Review: The Bolshevik Revolution 1917–23: A Review Article" review of A History of Soviet Russia: Vol. I: The Bolshevik Revolution, 1917–23 pp. 204–207 from International Affairs, Volume 27, Issue # 2, April 1951.
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  • Deutscher, Tamara. . New Left Review (New Left Review). January–February 1983, I (137): 78–86 [2017-09-07]. （原始内容存档于2019-02-12）.
  • Drinan, Patrick Review of The Russian Revolution: From Lenin to Stalin, 1917–1929 pages 100–101 from Military Affairs, Volume 44, Issue # 2, April 1980.
  • Evans, Graham "E. H. Carr and International Relations" pages 77–97 from British Journal of International Studies, Volume 1, Issue # 2, July 1975.
  • F.D. Review of Nationalism and After pages 289–290 from World Affairs, Volume 108, Issue # 4, December 1945.
  • Fox, William R. T. "E.H Carr and Political Realism: Vision and Revision" pp. 1–16 from Review of International Studies, Volume 11, 1985.
  • Gathorne-Hardy, G. M. Review of International Relations between the Two World Wars (1919–1939) pp. 263–264 from International Affairs, Volume 24, Issue # 2, April 1948.
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  • Gurian, Waldemar "Review: Soviet Problems" pages 251–254 from The Review of Politics, Volume 13, Issue # 2, April 1951
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  • Review of The Conditions of Peace pages 164–167 from The American Economic Review, Volume. 34, Issue # 1 March 1944.

外部連接
维基语录上的相关摘錄： 愛德華·霍列特·卡爾
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