拜克塔什教團

拜克塔什教團（阿爾巴尼亞語：，土耳其語：）是伊朗人哈吉·拜克塔什在十三世纪於安納托利亞成立的苏菲主义教團，這一派不只在土耳其，也分布於阿爾巴尼亞和波士尼亞，是蘇丹親兵官方宗教（他們称自己為拜克塔什的士兵、拜克塔什的子孫）。信众多为在奥斯曼帝国时期改信的原东正教徒。尤其在阿尔巴尼亚、保加利亚、奥斯曼帝国伊庇鲁斯、克里特以及马其顿的希腊裔穆斯林中较为流行。

拜克塔什教团[1]
拜克塔什的德尔维希教团
簡稱拜克塔什/拜克塔什教团/拜克塔什主义
成立時間1501
類型德尔维希修会
總部地拉那
德德巴巴
巴巴·蒙迪
重要人物
  • 哈吉·拜克塔什[2] – 教团主保
  • “至大者”阿里·阿尔（阿里·阿尔阿拉）[3] -组织的重构者，引入了纳伊米的理念[4]

與一般蘇菲教派有別，此派有強烈什葉派和民間信仰元素，他們特别尊敬阿里，認為穆罕默德與阿里是一人。

参见

延伸阅读
  • Birge, John Kingsley (1937). The Bektashi order of dervishes, London and Hartford.
  • Brown, John (1927), The Darvishes of Oriental Spiritualism.
  • Küçük, Hülya (2002) The Roles of the Bektashis in Turkey’s National Struggle. Leiden: Brill.
  • Mélikoff, Irène (1998). Hadji Bektach: Un mythe et ses avatars. Genèse et évolution du soufisme populaire en Turquie. Leiden: Islamic History and Civilization, Studies and Texts, volume 20, ISBN 90-04-10954-4.
  • Shankland, David (1994). “Social Change and Culture: Responses to Modernization in an Alevi Village in Anatolia.”In C.N. Hann, ed., When History Accelerates: Essays on Rapid Social Change, Complexity, and Creativity. London: Athlone Press.
  • Yaman, Ali (undated). "Kizilbash Alevi Dedes." (Based on his MA thesis for Istanbul University.)
  • Vorhoff, Karin. (1998), “Academic and Journalistic Publications on the Alevi and Bektashi of Turkey.” In: Tord Olsson/Elizabeth Özdalga/Catharina Raudvere (eds.) Alevi Identity: Cultural, Religious and Social Perspectives, Istanbul: Swedish Research Institute, pp. 23–50.

参考文献
  1. Encyclopedia Iranica, "BEKTĀŠĪYA"
  2. Encyclopedia Iranica, "ḤĀJĪ BEKTĀŠ"
  3. ʿALĪ AL-AʿLĀ (d. 822/1419), also known as Amīr Sayyed ʿAlī, principal successor of Fażlallāh Astarābādī, founder of the Ḥorūfī sect.
  4. Encyclopedia Iranica, "ASTARĀBĀDĪ, FAŻLALLĀH" (d. 796/1394), founder of the Ḥorūfī religion, H. Algar
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