木蘭屬
木蘭屬(学名:)是木蘭目木蘭科的一個屬,由於近期的分子分析认为木兰亚科下的所有属都应并入木兰属中,因此广义的木兰属擁有共約210個不同的物種,而狭义的木兰属中有128个物种。
木兰属 | |
---|---|
威氏木蘭 Magnolia × wiesneri | |
科学分类 | |
界: | 植物界 Plantae |
演化支: | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
演化支: | 木兰类植物 Magnoliids |
目: | 木兰目 Magnoliales |
科: | 木兰科 Magnoliaceae |
属: | 木兰属 Magnolia L., 1753 |
模式种 | |
北美木蘭 Magnolia virginiana L., 1753 | |
亞屬 | |
|
部分生物学家认为木兰亚科应合并成一屬,也就是说,除鵝掌楸屬()外,木兰科中的所有植物都可并入木兰属中。本屬的模式種是北美木蘭(Magnolia virginiana),而木蘭屬是被子植物門與雙子葉植物綱的模式屬,因此本屬或該種常用來代表所有有花植物或雙子葉植物。
分类
玉蘭亞屬 Subgenus Yulania
花粉向內開裂。
紫玉蘭/漸尖玉蘭亞組 Subsection Tulipastrum
- Magnolia acuminata (L.) L. 尖頭玉蘭
- Magnolia acuminata var. subcordata (Spach) Dandy 黃尖頭玉蘭
- Magnolia liliiflora Desr. 紫木蘭、紫玉蘭
玉蘭亞組 Subsection Yulania
- Magnolia amoena W. C. Cheng 天目木蘭
- Magnolia campbellii Hook. f. & Thomson 滇藏木蘭
- Magnolia campbellii var. alba Treseder 白花滇藏木蘭
- Magnolia campbellii var. mollicomata (W. W. Smith) F. Kingdon-Ward 早花滇藏木蘭
- Magnolia dawsoniana Rehder & Wilson 光葉木蘭、康定木蘭
- Magnolia denudata Desr. 玉蘭、白玉蘭
- Magnolia kobus DC. 日本辛夷
- Magnolia salicifolia (Sieb. & Zucc.) Maxim. 柳葉木蘭
- Magnolia sargentiana Rehder & Wilson 凹葉木蘭
- Magnolia sargentiana var. robusta Rehder & Wilson
- Magnolia × soulangeana Soul. 二喬木蘭
- Magnolia sprengeri Pampan 武當木蘭
- Magnolia sprengeri var. elongata (Rehder & Wilson) Johnstone 長葉武當木蘭
- Magnolia stellata (Sieb. & Zucc.) Maxim. 星花木蘭、日本毛木蘭
- Magnolia zenii Cheng 寶華玉蘭
望春玉蘭亞組 Subsection Buergeria
- Magnolia biondii Pampan 望春玉蘭
- Magnolia cylindrica Wilson 黄山木蘭
- Magnolia praecocissima Koidz 皺葉木蘭
木蘭亞屬 Subgenus Magnolia
花粉內側向開裂或側向開裂。
木蘭組 Section Magnolia
- Magnolia grandiflora L. 荷花玉蘭、廣玉蘭
- Magnolia grandiflora var. lanceolata Aiton 窄葉荷花玉蘭
- Magnolia guatemalensis Donn. Sm. 危地馬拉木蘭
- Magnolia guatemalensis ssp. hondurensis (Molina) Vazquez 宏都拉斯木蘭
- Magnolia iltisiana Vazquez
- Magnolia pacifica Vazquez 太平洋木蘭
- Magnolia pacifica ssp. pugana Iltis & Vazquez
- Magnolia pacifica ssp. tarahumara Vazquez
- Magnolia panamensis Vazquez & Iltis 巴拿馬木蘭
- Magnolia poasana (Pittier) Dandy 珀阿斯木蘭
- Magnolia schiedeana Schltdl.
- Magnolia sharpii Meranda
- Magnolia sororum Seibert 南美烏心石
- Magnolia sororum ssp. lutea Vazquez 黃花南美烏心石
- Magnolia tamaulipana Vazquez 塔矛裡巴斯木蘭
- Magnolia virginiana Linn 白背木蘭、月桂木蘭、北美木蘭、維吉尼亞木蘭、弗州木兰
- Magnolia yoroconte Dandy
常綠木蘭亞組 Subsection Gwillimia
皺種木蘭亞組 Subsection Rhytidospermum
天女花亞組 Subsection Oyama
- Magnolia globosa Hook.f. & Thoms. 毛葉玉蘭
- Magnolia sieboldii K.Koch 天女花
- Magnolia sieboldii ssp. japonica K.Ueda 日本天女花
- Magnolia sieboldii ssp. sinensis (Rehder & Wilson) Spongberg 華天女花
- Magnolia wilsonii (Finet. & Gagnep.) Rehder 西康玉蘭、玉燈花
耳狀木蘭組 Section Auriculata
- Magnolia fraseri Walt. 福來氏木蘭
- Magnolia fraseri var. pyramidata (Bartram) Pampanini 金字塔木蘭
北美大葉木蘭組 Section Macrophylla
- Magnolia macrophylla Michx. 北美大葉木蘭
- Magnolia macrophylla var. ashei (Weatherby) D. Johnson
- Magnolia macrophylla var. dealbata (Zuccarini) D. Johnson 墨西哥大葉木蘭
廣義木蘭屬分类
望春玉蘭亞組 Subsection Buergeria
- (同上)
紫玉蘭/漸尖玉蘭亞組 Subsection Tulipastrum
- (同上)
玉蘭亞組 Subsection Yulania
- (同上)
香木蘭亞組 Subsection Aromadendron
- Magnolia ashtonii Dandy ex. Noot. 阿士東香木蘭
- Magnolia bintuluensis (Agostini) Noot. 民都魯香木蘭
- Magnolia borneensis Noot. 婆羅香木蘭
- Magnolia elegans (Blume) Keng 雅緻香木蘭
- Magnolia pahangensis Noot. 彭亨香木蘭
南洋含笑/金絲柚亞組 Subsection Elmerrillia
- Magnolia platyphylla (Merr.) Figlar & Noot.
- Magnolia pubescens (Merr.) Figlar & Noot.
- Magnolia tsiampacca (L.) Figlar & Noot.
- Magnolia tsiampacca ssp. tsiampacca var. glaberrima (Dandy) Figlar & Noot.
- Magnolia tsiampacca ssp. mollis (Dandy) Figlar & Noot.
- Magnolia vrieseana (Miq.) Baill. Ex Pierre
長蕊木蘭亞組 Subsection Maingola
- Magnolia annamensis Dandy 安南木蘭
- Magnolia carsonii Dandy ex Noot.
- Magnolia carsonii var. drymifolia Noot.
- Magnolia carsonii var. phaulanta (Dandy ex Noot.) S. Kim
- Magnolia cathcartii (Hook.f. & Thoms.) Noot. 長蕊木蘭
- Magnolia griffithii King
- Magnolia gustavii King
- Magnolia macklottii (Korth.) Dandy
- Magnolia macklottii var. beccariana (Agostini) Noot.
- Magnolia pealiana King
含笑系 Series Michelia
含笑亞系 Subseries Michelia
- Magnolia × alba (DC.) Figlar & Noot. 白蘭
- Magnolia champaca (L.) Baillon ex Pierre 黃玉蘭、黃蘭
- Magnolia champaca var. pubinervia (Blume) Figlar & Noot. 毛葉脈黄蘭
- Magnolia doltsopa (Buch.-Ham. Ex DC.) Figlar 南亞含笑
- Magnolia ernestii Figlar 峨嵋含笑
- Magnolia ernestii ssp. szechuanica (Dandy) Sima & Figlar 四川含笑
- Magnolia floribunda (Finet & Gagnep.) Figlar 多花含笑
- Magnolia rajaniana (Craib.) Figlar
肖含笑亞系 Subseries Micheliopsis
- Magnolia dianica Sima & Figlar 雲南含笑、滇含笑
- Magnolia figo (Lour.) DC. 含笑
- Magnolia figo var. crassipes (Law) Figlar & Noot. 紫花含笑
- Magnolia figo var. skinneriana ined. 野含笑
後生含笑系 Series Metamichelia
雙被亞系 Subseries Dichlamys
- Magnolia angustioblonga (Law & Wu) Figlar 狹葉含笑
- Magnolia balansae A. DC. 苦梓含笑
- Magnolia martinii H.Lev. 黃心夜合
異被亞系 Subseries Anisochlamys
- Michelia balansae var. appressipubescens Law 細毛含笑
- Magnolia banghamii (Noot.) Figlar & Noot.
- Magnolia braianensis (Gagnep.) Figlar
- Magnolia cavaleriei (Finet & Gagnep.) Figlar 平伐含笑
- Magnolia chapensis (Dandy) Sima 樂昌含笑、景烈含笑
- Magnolia compressa Maxim. 烏心石、臺灣含笑
- Michelia compressa var. lanyuensis Lu 蘭嶼烏心石
- Magnolia coriacea (H.T.Chang & B.L.Chen) Figlar 西疇含笑
- Magnolia flaviflora (Law & Wu) Figlar 素黃含笑
- Magnolia foveolata (Merr. Ex Dandy) Figlar 金葉含笑
- Magnolia fujianensis (Q.F.Zheng) Figlar 福建含笑
- Magnolia fulva (H.T. Chang & B.L. Chen) Figlar 棕毛含笑
- Magnolia fulva var. calcicola Sima & Yu
- Magnolia guangxiensis (Law & R.Z.Zhou) Sima 廣西含笑
- Magnolia hypolampra (Dandy) Figlar
- Magnolia ingrata (B.L.Chen & S.C.Lang) Figlar 金花含笑
- Magnolia jiangxiensis (H.T. Chang & B.L. Chen) Figlar 江西含笑
- Magnolia kingii (Dandy) Figlar
- Magnolia kisopa (Bush.-Ham. ex DC.) Figlar 西藏含笑
- Magnolia koordersiana (Noot.) Figlar
- Magnolia lacei (W.W. Smith) Figlar 壯麗含笑
- Magnolia lanuginosa (Wall.) Figlar & Noot.
- Magnolia leveilleana (Dandy) Figlar 長柄含笑
- Magnolia macclurei (Dandy) Figlar 醉香含笑、火力楠
- Magnolia macclurei var. sublanea Dandy
- Magnolia mannii (King) King 曼氏含笑
- Magnolia masticata (Dandy) Figlar 屏邊含笑
- Magnolia maudiae (Dunn) Figlar 深山含笑、莫氏含笑
- Magnolia maudiae var. hunanensis (C.L.Peng & L.H.Yan) Sima 湖南含笑
- Magnolia maudiae var. platypetala (Hand.-Mazz.) Sima 闊瓣含笑
- Magnolia mediocris (Dandy) Figlar 白花含笑
- Magnolia microcarpa (B.L.Chen & S.C.Yang) Sima 小葉含笑
- Magnolia microtricha (Hand.-Mazz.) Figlar
- Magnolia montana (Blume) Figlar & Noot. 山含笑
- Magnolia nilagirica (Zenker) Figlar
- Magnolia oblonga (Wall. Ex Hook.f. & Thomson) Figlar 橢圓葉含笑
- Magnolia opipara (H.T.Chang & B.L.Chen) Sima 馬關含笑
- Magnolia philippinensis P.Pharm 菲律賓含笑
- Magnolia punduana (Hook.f. & Thoms.) Figlar
- Magnolia scortechinii ( King) Figlar & Noot.
- Magnolia shiluensis (Chun & Y.F.Wu) Figlar 石碌含笑
- Magnolia sirindhorniae Noot. & Chalermglin 詩琳通含笑
- Magnolia sphaerantha (C.Y.Wu ex Z.S.Yue) Sima 球花含笑
- Magnolia subulifera (Dandy) Figlar
- Magnolia sumatrae (Dandy) Figlar & Noot. 蘇門塔臘含笑
- Magnolia xanthantha (C.Y.Wu ex Law & Y.F.Wu) Figlar 黃花含笑
合果木系 Series Paramichelia
- Magnolia baillonii Pierre 合果木
觀光木系 Series Tsoongiodendron
- Magnolia odora (Chun) Figlar & Noot. 觀光木
擬單性木蘭組 Section Gynopodium
- Magnolia kachirachirai (Kanehira & Yamamoto) Dandy 烏心石舅、恆春擬單性木蘭
- Magnolia lotungensis Chun & Tsoon 樂東擬單性木蘭
- Magnolia nitida W.W.Smith 光葉擬單性木蘭
- Magnolia omeiensis (Hu & Cheng) Dandy 峨嵋擬單性木蘭
- Magnolia yunnanensis (Hu) Noot. 雲南擬單性木蘭
華蓋木組 Section Manglietiastrum
- Magnolia pleiocarpa (Dandy) Figlar & Noot. 密果華蓋木
- Magnolia praecalva (Dandy) Figlar & Noot. 皺華蓋木
- Magnolia sinica (Law) Noot. 華蓋木
木蘭組 Section Magnolia
- (同上)
耳狀木蘭組 Section Auriculata
- (同上)
南洋蓋裂木亞組 Subsection Blumiana
- Magnolia gigantifolia (Miq.) Noot. 大葉蓋裂木
- Magnolia lasia Noot.
- Magnolia liliifera (L.) Baillon 雞蛋木蘭
- Magnolia liliifera var. angatensis (Blanco) Noot.
- Magnolia liliifera var. beccarii (Ridley) Noot.
- Magnolia liliifera var. obovata (Korth.) 蓋裂木
- Magnolia liliifera var. singapurensis (Ridley) Noot. 新加坡蓋裂木
- Magnolia mariusjacobsia Noot.
- Magnolia persuaveolens Dandy
- Magnolia persuaveolens ssp. rigida Noot.
- Magnolia sarawakensis (Agostini) Noot. 砂勞越蓋裂木
- Magnolia villosa (Miq.) H.Keng 毛蓋裂木
常綠木蘭亞組 Subsection Gwillimia
- (同上)
單性木蘭組 Section Kmeria
- Magnolia duperreana Pierre 柬單性木蘭
- Magnolia septentrionalis Dandy 單性木蘭、煥鏞木
- Magnolia thailandica Noot. & Chalermglin 泰國單性木蘭
木蓮組 Section Manglietia
- Magnolia aromatica (Dandy) V.S.Kumar 香木蓮
- Magnolia blaoensis (Gagnep.) Dandy 安南木蓮
- Magnolia blumei Prantl 布魯氏木蓮
- Magnolia blumei var. sumatrana (Miq.) Figlar & Noot. 蘇門塔臘木蓮
- Magnolia calophylloides Figlar & Noot. 胡桐木蓮
- Magnolia caveana (Hook.f. & Thoms.) D.C.Raju & M.P.Nayer 西藏木蓮
- Magnolia chevalieri (Dandy) V.S.Kumar 睦南木蓮
- Magnolia conifera (Dandy) V.S.Kumar 桂南木蓮
- Magnolia conifera var. chingii (Dandy) V.S.Kumar 仁昌木蓮
- Magnolia crassipes (Y.W.Law) V.S.Kumar 粗梗木蓮
- Magnolia dandyi (Gapnep.) Dandy 大葉木蓮
- Magnolia decidua (Q.Y. Zheng) V.S.Kumar 落葉木蓮
- Magnolia dolichogyna (Dandy ex Noot.) Figlar & Noot.
- Magnolia duclouxii Finet & Gagnep. 川滇木蓮
- Magnolia figlarii V.S. Kumar 四川木蓮
- Magnolia fordiana (Oliv.) Hu 木蓮
- Magnolia fordiana var. calcarea (X.H.Song) Chen & Noot. 石山木蓮
- Magnolia fordiana var. forrestii (W.W.Sm. Ex Dandy) Chen & Noot. 滇貴木蓮
- Magnolia fordiana var. kwangtungensis (Merr.) Chen & Noot. 毛桃木蓮
- Magnolia garrettii (Craib) V.S.Kumar 泰國木蓮
- Magnolia grandis (Hu & W.C.Cheng) V.S. Kumar 大果木蓮
- Magnolia hookeri Cubitt & W.W.Sm. 中緬木蓮
- Magnolia insignis (Wall.) Blume 紅花木蓮
- Magnolia lanuginosoides Figlar & Noot. 綿毛木蓮
- Magnolia lucida (B.L.Chen & S.C.Yang) V.S.Kumar 亮葉木蓮
- Magnolia megaphylla (Hu & W.C.Cheng) V.S.Kumar 大葉木蓮
- Magnolia moto (Dandy) V.S.Kumar
- Magnolia obovalifolia (C.Y.Yu & Law) V.S.Kumar 倒卵葉木蓮
- Magnolia ovoidea (H.T.Chang & B.L.Chen) V.S.Kumar 卵果木蓮
- Magnolia phuthoensis (Dandy ex Gapnep.) V.S.Kumar 富壽木蓮
- Magnolia rufibarbata (Dandy) V.S.Kumar 銹毛木蓮
- Magnolia sabahensis (Dandy ex Noot.) Figlar & Noot. 沙巴木蓮
- Magnolia tibetica V.S.Kumar 西藏木蓮
- Magnolia utilis (Dandy) V.S.Kumar
- Magnolia ventii (N.V.Tiep) V.S.Kumar 毛果木蓮
- Magnolia yuyuanensis (Y.W.Law) V.S.Kumar 乳源木蓮
皺種木蘭亞組 Subsection Rhytidospermum
- (同上)
天女花亞組 Subsection Oyama
- (同上)
蓋裂木亞組 Subsection Talauma
- Magnolia allenii Standl. 亞倫蓋裂木
- Magnolia amazonica Ducke 亞馬遜蓋裂木
- Magnolia arcabucoana (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia boliviana (M.Nee) Govaerts 玻利維亞蓋裂木
- Magnolia caricifragrans (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia cespedesii (Triana & Planch) Govaerts
- Magnolia chocoensis (Lozano) 喬科蓋裂木
- Magnolia dixonii (Little) Govaerts 廸遜蓋裂木
- Magnolia dodecapetala (Lam.) Govaerts 小安地列斯蓋裂木
- Magnolia espinalii (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia georgii (Lozano) Govaerts 喬治蓋裂木
- Magnolia gilbertoi (Lozano) Govaerts 吉帕托蓋裂木
- Magnolia gloriensis (Pittier) Govaerts 榮譽蓋裂木
- Magnolia hernandezii (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia irwiniana (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia katiorum (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia mexicana DC. 墨西哥蓋裂木
- Magnolia minor (Urb.) Govaerts 小蓋裂木
- Magnolia morii (Lozano) Govaerts 森氏蓋裂木
- Magnolia narinensis (Lozano) Govaerts 娜玲瓏蓋裂木
- Magnolia neillii (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia ovata (A.St.-Hil.) Spreng. 卵蓋裂木
- Magnolia polyhypsophilla (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia rimachii (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia sambuensis (Pittier) Govaerts 三布蓋裂木
- Magnolia santanderiana (Lozano) Govaerts 桑坦德蓋裂木
- Magnolia sellowiana (A.St.-Hil.) Govaerts
- Magnolia silvioi (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia venezuelensis (Lozano) Govaerts 委內瑞拉蓋裂木
- Magnolia virolinensis (Lozano) Govaerts 華奧琳蓋裂木
- Magnolia wolfii (Lozano) Govaerts
南美蓋裂木亞組 Subsection Dugandiodendron
- Magnolia argyrothricha (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia calimaensis (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia calophylla (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia cararensis (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia chimantensis Steyermark & Maguire
- Magnolia colombiana (Little) Govaerts 哥倫比亞蓋裂木
- Magnolia guatapensis (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia lenticellata (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia magnifolia (Lozano) Govaerts 巨葉蓋裂木
- Magnolia mahechae (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia ptaritepuiana Steyermark
- Magnolia striatifolia Little
- Magnolia urraoense (Lozano) Govaerts
- Magnolia yarumalense (Lozano) Govaerts
古巴蓋裂木亞組 Subsection Cubenses
- Magnolia cacuminoides Bisse
- Magnolia cristalensis Bisse
- Magnolia cubensis Urb. 古巴蓋裂木
- Magnolia domingensis Urb. 多米尼加蓋裂木
- Magnolia ekmannii Urb. 海地蓋裂木
- Magnolia emarginata Urb. & Echman 小凹蓋裂木
- Magnolia hamorii Howard
- Magnolia pallescens Urban & Ekman 淡蓋裂木
- Magnolia portoricensis Bello 波多黎各蓋裂木
- Magnolia splendens Urban 華麗蓋裂木
北美大葉木蘭組 Section Macrophylla
- (同上)
著名栽培种
- 飞黄玉兰:杂交选育品种。
- 红运玉兰:杂交选育品种。
- 黄鸟玉兰:国外引进品种。
- 重瓣白玉兰
- 多瓣玉兰
- 丹馨玉兰
- 桃花玉兰
- 红元宝玉兰
- 景新玉兰
- 长花玉兰
- 常春二乔玉兰
外部链接
- 木蘭屬 Magnolia 藥用植物圖像數據庫 (香港浸會大學中醫藥學院)
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