桑达韦语
桑达韦语是坦桑尼亚多多马地区桑达韦人使用的一种声调语言。它在年长和年青人之中仍然具有活力，有些地区的桑达韦人甚至只说桑达韦语。Albert Drexel在1920年代把它划归科依桑语系，但依据仅仅是该语言中存在搭嘴音。近来的研究表明它与科爾語系的联系可能更紧密。
| 桑达韦语 | |
|---|---|
| Sandaweeki [sàndàwěːkí] | |
| 母语国家和地区 | 坦桑尼亚 |
| 区域 | 大裂谷 |
| 母语使用人数 | 约40,000（日期不详） |
| 語系 | 科伊桑语系
|
| 語言代碼 | |
| ISO 639-2 | sad |
| ISO 639-3 | sad |
桑达韦语有西北和东南两大方言。两者之间的区别在于语速、声调、禁忌词，以及词汇、语法上的细微差别。一些阿拉瓜人放弃了母语转而使用桑达韦语。
语法
代词
自由代词
| 单数 | 复数 | |
|---|---|---|
| 第一人称 | tsi | sũũ |
| 第二人称 | hapu | sĩĩ |
| 第三人称男 | he-we | he-so |
| 第三人称女 | he-su |
代词后缀
| 单数 | 复数 | |
|---|---|---|
| 第一人称 | -és | -wà |
| 第二人称 | -i | -è |
| 第三人称男 | -à | -ʔà |
| 第三人称女 | -sà |
名词
名词由词干和后缀组成，后缀是为了标明阳性、阴性、中性以及单复数。
语序
桑达韦语的基本语序是主宾谓结构，但实际语序却十分灵活。
參見
- 阿拉瓜語(Alagwa language)
- 阿拉瓜人(Alagwa people)
- 科爾語系(Khoe languages)
资料
- Dobashi, Yoshihito (2001) 'Agreement and Word Order in Sandawe' In Cornell Working Papers in Linguistics, 2001, 18, pp 57–74.
- Eaton, Helen C. (2002) 'A Grammar of Focus in Sandawe' (Unpublished Ph.D thesis, University of Reading).
- Elderkin, Edward D. (1989) 'The Significance and Origin of the Use of Pitch in Sandawe' (Unpublished D.Phil thesis, University of York).
- Güldemann, Tom and Edward D. Elderkin (forthcoming) 'On external genealogical relationships of the Khoe family.' In Brenzinger, Matthias and Christa König (eds.), Khoisan languages and linguistics: the Riezlern symposium 2003. Quellen zur Khoisan-Forschung 17. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe.
- Hunziker, Daniel, Elisabeth Hunziker, & Helen Eaton (2008) A Description of the Phonology of the Sandawe Language. SIL Electronic Working Papers 页面存档备份，存于
- Kagaya, Ryohei (1993) 'A Classified Vocabulary of The Sandawe Language', Asian & African Lexicon vol 26. Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA).
- Sands, Bonny E. (1998) 'Eastern and Southern African Khoisan: evaluating claims of distant linguistic relationships.' Quellen zur Khoisan-Forschung 14. Köln: Köppe.
- Voogt, A.J. de (1992) Some phonetic aspects of Hatsa and Sandawe clicks (Unpublished MA thesis in African Linguistics, Leiden University).
- Wright, Richard, Ian Maddieson, Peter Ladefoged, Bonny Sands (1995). 'A phonetic study of Sandawe clicks', UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics, No. 91: Fieldwork Studies in Targeted Languages III.
外部連結
- Sandawe grammar at Cornell 页面存档备份，存于
- Sandawe wordlists and accompanying soundfiles at UCLA 页面存档备份，存于
- Ethnologue Report for Sandawe 页面存档备份，存于
- SIL International 页面存档备份，存于
- Helen Eaton 页面存档备份，存于 More information on SIL International's work on Sandawe, with papers for downloading.
- Sandawe basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database 页面存档备份，存于
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