梭子蟹總科

梭子蟹總科(学名),是短尾次目螃蟹)的其中一個總科級的分类阶元,其下包括梭子蟹科及其他科[1][2],皆為海洋生物[3]。其他文獻尚有其他科保留在本總科,但在分子系统发生学分析之後,有可能對現時這些在分類上的爭議有變更[1]

梭子蟹總科
遠海梭子蟹 Portunus pelagicus
科学分类
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲: 软甲纲 Malacostraca
目: 十足目 Decapoda
亚目: 抱卵亞目 Pleocyemata
下目: 短尾下目 Brachyura
派: 蟹派 Eubrachyura
亞派: 異孔亞派 Heterotremata
总科: 梭子蟹總科 Portunoidea
Rafinesque, 1815
[1]

七個有現生種的科及四個只有化石種的科:詳見內文

描述

本總科的成員具有扁平及光滑的頭胸甲,而且殼的橫向比縱向寬,呈六边形、近似 六边形、矩形,又或鵝卵形。 It is usually widest between the hindmost spines of the forward rim; there may be up to 9 pairs of these spines, with a few smaller ones right above the head, but they are missing altogether in some 物种.[4]

In some, the first 附肢's 腿 (节肢动物) is lobed, forming the characteristic portunid lobe. The chelipeds are usually robust, and in some the last pereiopod pair has ovate dactyls. The sutures of the sternum between segments 4 to 8 are usually incomplete, and in the Portunidae, the eighth sternite is usually visible if seen from below and has a penial groove.[4]

雄蟹的體節若不是全自由活動的話,就是其第三節到第五節已融合在一起,但often retaining the sutures though. The first gonopod is strongly curved, with a swollen and strongly hooked base.[4]

分類

梭子蟹總科與扇蟹總科[4],過往被劃歸扇蟹總科的六足蟹科Mathildellidae,在某些分類會劃歸梭子蟹總科;而在深海生活的怪蟹科一般都會劃歸梭子蟹總科,但亦有分類把它放在扇蟹總科之下。所有梭子蟹總科的物種均在海洋生活,除了現時已獨立成單獨總科的毛子蟹科(Trichodactylidae)有部份是在淡水生活。

現時分類

According to the latest synopsis, there are eleven families in the superfamily Portunoidea, four of which are extinct:[1]

參考文獻

  1. Sammy De Grave; N. Dean Pentcheff; Shane T. Ahyong; 等. (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 2009,. Suppl. 21: 1–109 [2012-12-18]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-06-06) (英语).
  2. Joel W. Martin & George E. Davis. (PDF). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. 2001: 132 pp [2007-09-29]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2006-05-25) (英语).
  3. WoRMS. . World Register of Marine Species. [2019-08-22].
  4. Hiroaki Karasawa & Carrie E. Schweitzer. . Contributions to Zoology. 2006, 75 (1/2): 23–73 [2012-12-28]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-03).

外部連結

维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源:梭子蟹總科
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