梭子蟹總科
梭子蟹總科(学名),是短尾次目(螃蟹)的其中一個總科級的分类阶元,其下包括梭子蟹科及其他科[1][2],皆為海洋生物[3]。其他文獻尚有其他科保留在本總科,但在分子系统发生学分析之後,有可能對現時這些在分類上的爭議有變更[1]。
梭子蟹總科 | |
---|---|
遠海梭子蟹 Portunus pelagicus ♂ | |
科学分类 | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
纲: | 软甲纲 Malacostraca |
目: | 十足目 Decapoda |
亚目: | 抱卵亞目 Pleocyemata |
下目: | 短尾下目 Brachyura |
派: | 蟹派 Eubrachyura |
亞派: | 異孔亞派 Heterotremata |
总科: | 梭子蟹總科 Portunoidea Rafinesque, 1815 |
科[1] | |
七個有現生種的科及四個只有化石種的科:詳見內文 |
描述
本總科的成員具有扁平及光滑的頭胸甲,而且殼的橫向比縱向寬,呈六边形、近似 六边形、矩形,又或鵝卵形。 It is usually widest between the hindmost spines of the forward rim; there may be up to 9 pairs of these spines, with a few smaller ones right above the head, but they are missing altogether in some 物种.[4]
In some, the first 附肢's 腿 (节肢动物) is lobed, forming the characteristic portunid lobe. The chelipeds are usually robust, and in some the last pereiopod pair has ovate dactyls. The sutures of the sternum between segments 4 to 8 are usually incomplete, and in the Portunidae, the eighth sternite is usually visible if seen from below and has a penial groove.[4]
雄蟹的腹體節若不是全自由活動的話,就是其第三節到第五節已融合在一起,但often retaining the sutures though. The first gonopod is strongly curved, with a swollen and strongly hooked base.[4]
分類
梭子蟹總科與扇蟹總科[4],過往被劃歸扇蟹總科的六足蟹科及Mathildellidae,在某些分類會劃歸梭子蟹總科;而在深海生活的怪蟹科一般都會劃歸梭子蟹總科,但亦有分類把它放在扇蟹總科之下。所有梭子蟹總科的物種均在海洋生活,除了現時已獨立成單獨總科的毛子蟹科(Trichodactylidae)有部份是在淡水生活。
現時分類
According to the latest synopsis, there are eleven families in the superfamily Portunoidea, four of which are extinct:[1]
- Carcinidae
- Carcineretidae (extinct)
- Catoptridae
- 怪蟹科 Geryonidae
- Lithophylacidae (extinct)
- Longusorbiidae (extinct)
- Macropipidae
- Pirimelidae
- 梭子蟹科 Portunidae
- Psammocarcinidae (extinct)
- 指甲蟹科 Thiidae Dana, 1852:原屬黃道蟹總科[2]
參考文獻
- Sammy De Grave; N. Dean Pentcheff; Shane T. Ahyong; 等. (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 2009,. Suppl. 21: 1–109 [2012-12-18]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-06-06) (英语).
- Joel W. Martin & George E. Davis. (PDF). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. 2001: 132 pp [2007-09-29]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2006-05-25) (英语).
- WoRMS. . World Register of Marine Species. [2019-08-22].
- Hiroaki Karasawa & Carrie E. Schweitzer. . Contributions to Zoology. 2006, 75 (1/2): 23–73 [2012-12-28]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-03).