热胀冷缩
熱脹冷縮是指物體受熱時會膨脹,遇冷時會收縮的特性。由於物體內的粒子(原子)運動會隨溫度改變,當溫度上升時,粒子的振動幅度加大,令物體膨脹;但當溫度下降時,粒子的振動幅度便會減少,使物體收縮。
热力学 |
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熱脹冷縮是一般物體的特性,4度以下的水、銻、鉍、鎵和青銅等物質,在某些溫度範圍內受熱時收縮,遇冷時會膨脹,恰與一般物體特性相反。因此,水結冰時,冰是先在水面出現。由於鐵軌有熱脹冷縮的特性,因此鐵軌連結時須保持一定距離,避免軌道間互相擠壓導致變形。
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