牡蠣屬

牡蠣屬; 化石时期：二叠纪 - 現在 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	A lower valve (the attachment valve) of a shell of Ostrea edulis
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	軟體動物門 Mollusca
纲：	双壳纲 Bivalvia
目：	牡蛎目 Ostreoida
科：	牡蛎科 Ostreidae
亚科：	牡蠣亞科 Ostreinae
属：	牡蠣屬 Ostrea; (Linnaeus, 1758)
物種
	見內文

牡蠣屬（學名：）是牡蠣目牡蠣科之下的一個海洋雙殼綱軟體動物的屬[1]，其物種均可食用。

Fossil valves of Ostrea forskali from Pliocene of Italy

化石紀錄

本屬物種的歷史非常悠久：其化石紀錄最遠可追遡至二叠纪到第四紀期間（2.59億年前至現在），而且遍佈全世界。現時本屬之下有約150個化石種[2][3]。

歷史

當中加州太平洋海岸進行考古学發掘之時，至少有一個本屬物種（當中包括Ostrea lurida）的化石被發掘出來。這表明了早期的美國原住民Chumash人以這些物種為其食物來源[4]。

物種

過往本屬物種最高曾多達400個，但現時絕大多數均已被分到不同的屬去。截至2018年7月4日 (2018-07-04)，WoRMS紀錄的物種計有[2][1]：

Ostrea angelica Rochebrune, 1895
Ostrea arcula Marwick, 1928 †
Ostrea atherstonei Newton, 1913
Ostrea chilensis Philippi, 1844
Ostrea circumpicta Pilsbry, 1904
Ostrea conchaphila Carpenter, 1857
密鱗牡蠣 O. denselamellosa (Lischke, 1869)：又名拖鞋牡蠣。
Ostrea edulis Linnaeus, 1758
Ostrea futamiensis Seki, 1929
Ostrea libella Weisbord, 1964
Ostrea lurida Carpenter, 1864
Ostrea margaritae Pilsbry, 1918 †
Ostrea megodon Hanley, 1846
Ostrea puelchana d'Orbigny, 1842
Ostrea stentina Payraudeau, 1826
Ostrea tatei Suter, 1913 †
Ostrea waitangiensis Marwick, 1928 †

異名

O. albertensis †Russell & Landes, 1937
O. angasi Sowerby, 1846
O. angulata †Sowerby, 1840
O. angusta †Deshayes, 1824
O. anomialis †Lamarck, 1819
O. antarctica †Zinsmeister, 1984
O. arenicola †Tate, 1886
O. aupouria Dinamani, 1981
O. beloiti †Logan, 1899
O. bicolor †Hanley, 1854
O. blackensis †Stephenson, 1923
O. brongniarti †Bronn, 1856
O. californica Mareon, 1858
O. carolinensis †Conrad, 1832
O. castellobrancoi †Maury 1936
O. cochlear †Poli, 1795
O. compressirostra †Say, 1824
O. costaricensis †Olsson, 1922
緣齒牡蠣 O. crenulifera G. B. Sowerby II, 1871[5]^:82：今作Dendostrea sandvichensis (G. B. Sowerby II, 1871)[6][7]。
O. crenulimarginata †Gabb, 1860
O. cristata Born, 1778
O. cubitus †Deshayes, 1832
O. cumingiana Dunker, 1846
O. cynthiae †Maury, 1912
O. democraciana †Hodson et al., 1927
O. dorsalis †Azzaroli, 1958
O. edulis Linnaeus, 1758- Edible oyster or Belon oyster
棘刺牡蠣 Ostrea echinata
O. edwilsoni †Stoyanow, 1949
O. eorivularis †Oyama & Mizuno, 1958
O. equestris (Say, 1834)- Crested oyster
O. erici †Hertlein, 1929
O. flavicans Linnaeus, 1758
葉片牡蠣 Ostrea folium[5]^:82：又名薄片牡蠣，今作Dendostrea folium。
O. forskali †Chemnitz, 1785
O. fraasi †Mayer-Eymar, 1888
O. frondosa †de Serres, 1829
O. gajensis †Vredenburg, 1928
O. gingensis †Schlotheim, 1813
O. glabra Linnaeus, 1758
O. golfotristensis †Maury 1912
O. haleyi †Hertlein, 1933
O. hippopus †Tate, 1886
舌骨牡蠣 Ostrea hyotis[5]^:82
O. hyotidoidea †Tate, 1899
O. imbricata † Lamarck, 1819
O. incisa †Martin, 1883
O. invalida †White, 1887
O. iridescens Gray, 1854
O. jogjacartensis †Martin, 1914
O. khamirensis †Cox, 1936
O. latimarginata †Vredenburg, 1908
O. longirostris † Lamarck, 1806
O. ludensis †Deshayes, 1861
O. lutaria †Hutton, 1885
O. maculosa Forskål, 1775
O. manubriata †Tate, 1887
O. marginidentata †Wood, 1861
O. matercula †de Verneuil, 1845
O. mauricensis †Gabb, 1860
O. mesenterica †Morton, 1834
O. messor †Maury, 1925
O. minbuensis †Cotter, 1923
O. minerensis † Russell & Landes, 1937
O. minuta Linnaeus, 1758
O. miradorensis †Olsson, 1931
O. monetalis † Martin, 1931
咬齒牡蠣 Ostrea mordax：今作黑齒牡蠣
O. negritensis †Olsson, 1928
O. normalis †Gardner, 1926
O. obliterata Linnaeus, 1758
O. pangadiensis †Hislop, 1859
O. paracasensis †Rivera, 1957
O. parasitica †Gmelin, 1791
O. paroxis †Lesueur, 1829
O. parrensis †Vega et al., 1999
O. pejerreyensis †Rivera, 1957
O. pellucens Linnaeus, 1758
O. pesfelis Linnaeus, 1758
O. petrosa †Fuchs, 1879
O. peytoni †Richards, 1947
O. pileosimilis †Martin, 1931
O. plicatula Gmelin, 1791
O. portoricoensis †Hubbard, 1920
O. princeps †Woods, 1850
O. procyonis †Maury, 1924
O. prona †Wood, 1861
O. protoimbricata †Vredenburg, 1928
O. pseudocrassissima †Fuchs, 1878
O. pseudodigitalina †Fuchs, 1879
O. pseudorissensis †Vredenburg, 1928
O. pulaskensis †Harris, 1892
O. radula Linnaeus, 1758
O. raveneliana †Tuomey & Holmes, 1855
O. resupinata †Deshayes, 1858
O. retusa Sowerby, 1871
O. russelli †Russell & Landes, 1937
O. samanensis †Olsson, 1928
O. sanguinea Linnaeus, 1758
O. saxitoniana †McLearn, 1929
O. seymourensis †Zinsmeister, 1984
O. soleniscus †Meek, 1893
O. striatula Linnaeus, 1758
O. sturtiana †Tate, 1886
O. subangulata †d'Orbigny, 1852
O. submissa †Deshayes, 1864
O. subradiosa †Bohm, 1926
O. superficialis Forskål, 1775
O. tacalensis †Hodson et al., 1927
O. tayloriana †Gabb, 1866
O. thalassoklusta †Maury, 1912
大連灣牡蠣 Ostrea talienwhanensis
O. tridacnaeformis Cox, 1927
O. turkestanensis †Romanovski, 1880
O. uncinta †Lamarck, 1806
O. ungulata †Nyst, 1843
O. ventilabrum †Goldfuss, 1826
O. vestita †Fuchs, 1883
O. wiedenmayeri †Hodson et al., 1927
O. wollastoni †Finlay, 1927

參考文獻

WoRMS. . World Register of Marine Species. [2018-07-04].
Ostrea. Fossilworks.
J.D. Dana (1996)
C.M. Hogan, 2008
鄭成興; 黃宗國; 張良興; 李傳燕; 李福榮. . 海洋學報. 1984, 6 (1): 81–89 （中文（简体）‎）.
WoRMS. . World Register of Marine Species. [2018-07-04].
WoRMS. . World Register of Marine Species. [2018-07-04].

James Dwight Dana (1996) Manual of Geology: Treating of the Principles of the Science with Special Reference to American Geological History, American Book Co., 1088 pages
C.Michael Hogan (2008) Morro Creek, The Megalithic Portal, ed. by A. Burnham 页面存档备份，存于

外部連結

維基物種中有關牡蠣屬的數據

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[WoRMS_138298-1] WoRMS. . World Register of Marine Species. [2018-07-04].

[AA-2] Ostrea. Fossilworks.

[3] J.D. Dana (1996)

[4] C.M. Hogan, 2008

[Zheng_1984-5] 鄭成興; 黃宗國; 張良興; 李傳燕; 李福榮. . 海洋學報. 1984, 6 (1): 81–89 （中文（简体）‎）.

[WoRMS_207785-6] WoRMS. . World Register of Marine Species. [2018-07-04].

[WoRMS_506713-7] WoRMS. . World Register of Marine Species. [2018-07-04].