社会助长

社会助长(Social facilitation)是人们在完成简单任务或熟练任务时,如果有观察者在场(观众效应),或者有竞争者(合作者效应),将会激发起优于独处时的表现的倾向。但是对于复杂任务或不熟练任务,情况则相反,常会出现表现较次的情形。对于人类,关心他人意见者,以及在不认识观众的情况下,这种效应表现得最为强烈。

参考文献

  • Baron, R. A. (1986). Distraction-conflict theory: Progress and problems. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 19). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
  • Triplett, N. (1898). The dynamogenic factors in pacemaking and competition. American Journal of Psychology, 9, 507-533.
  • Zajonc, R. B. (1965). Social facilitation. Science, 149, 269-274.
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