科尔多凡语族
科尔多凡语族是尼日爾-剛果語系的三個分支之一,主要語言人口位於東非蘇丹中部科爾多凡地區南部的努巴山區內,是一個比較疏離的一個支系。1963年,約瑟·格林伯格(Joseph Greenberg)把它歸入尼日爾-科爾多凡語系之內,與由其它尼日爾-剛果語系的語言組成的「尼日爾-剛果語族」並列[1]。今日,一般都把科爾多凡語系及其他原尼日爾-剛果語族的成員並列。儘管如此,由於科爾多凡語族的語言與其他尼日爾-剛果語系的語言少有共同之處,有些學者認為它不屬於尼日爾-剛果語系,並把它與門德語族(Mande languages,又譯曼德語族)放在同一個獨立的分類中。科爾多凡語族的語言人口組成到現在仍有爭議[2]。
科爾多凡語族 | |
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地理分佈: | 蘇丹科尔多凡地區 |
谱系学分类: | 尼日爾-剛果語系
|
分支: |
Heiban 語支
Talodi 語支
Rashad 語支
Katla 語支
|
ISO 639-5: | kdo |
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過往Tumtum語或Kadu languages亦被認為是科爾多凡語族的成員之一[3],但現時普遍已排除出外[4],而被歸入尼羅-撒哈拉語系之內。
現時,科爾多凡語族的成員大約有二十多種語言,人口不超過200,000人[5],大致可分為四個語支。
從民族學的角度來說,科爾多凡語族的語言人口都是努巴人(Nuba)的一部份。
分支
- Heiban 語支:又名 Koalib 或 Koalib-Moro
- Katla
- Rashad 語支:又名 Tegali-Tagoi
- Talodi 語支:又名 Talodi-Masakin 或 Lafofa
參看
參考
註釋
- 中國大百科智慧藏:尼日爾-科爾多凡語系
- Herman Bell. (1995). The Nuba Mountains: Who Spoke What in 1976? 页面存档备份,存于. Being a study of the published results from a major project of the Institute of African and Asian Studies: the Language Survey of the Nuba Mountains.
- 陈林华,(n.d.),Chapter Twelve Historical-Comparative Linguistics 的存檔,存档日期2007-09-29.,《语言学导论》,中國:吉林大学出版社。
- Thilo C. Schadeberg. 1981c. "The classification of the Kadugli language group". Nilo-Saharan, ed. by T. C. Schadeberg and M. Lionel Bender, pp. 291-305. Dordrecht: Foris Publications.
- 大英簡明百科:尼日-剛果諸語言 的存檔,存档日期2007-10-08.
一般參考
- Herman Bell. 1995. The Nuba Mountains: Who Spoke What in 1976? 页面存档备份,存于. Being a study of the published results from a major project of the Institute of African and Asian Studies: the Language Survey of the Nuba Mountains.
- Roger Blench. Unpublished. Kordofanian and Niger-Congo: an evaluation of the evidence.
- P. A. and D. N. MacDiarmid. 1931. "The languages of the Nuba Mountains." Sudan Notes and Records 14: 149-162.
- Carl Meinhof. 1915-1919. "Sprachstudien im egyptischen Sudan". Zeitschrift für Kolonialsprachen 9-9. "1. Tagoy." 6: 164-161. "2. Tumale". 6:182-205. "11. Tegele." 7:110-131. "12. Rashad." 7:132.
- Thilo C. Schadeberg. 1981a. A survey of Kordofanian. SUGIA Beiheft 1-2. Hamburg:Helmut Buske Verlag.
- Thilo C. Schadeberg. 1981b. "Das Kordofanische". Die Sprachen Afrikas. Band 1: Niger-Kordofanisch, ed. by Bernt Heine, T. C. Schadeberg, Ekkehard Wolff, pp. 117-28 SUGIA Beiheft 1-2. Hamburg:Helmut Buske Verlag.
- Brenda Z. Seligmann. 1910-11. "Note on the language of the Nubas of Southern Kordofan." Zeitschrift für Kolonialsprachen 1:167-188.
- Roland C. Stevenson. 1956-57. "A survey of the phonetics and grammatical structure of the Nuba Mountains languages, with particular reference to Otoro, Katcha, and Nyimang." Afrika und Übersee 40:73-84, 93-115; 41:27-65, 117-152, 171-196.
- A. N. Tucker and M. A. Bryan. 1956. The Non-Bantu Languages of North-Eastern Africa. (Handbook of African Languages, Part III.) Oxford University Press: London.
- A. N. Tucker and M. A. Bryan. 1966. Linguistic Analyses/The Non-Bantu Languages of North-Eastern Africa. (Handbook of African Languages.) Oxford University Press: London.
- Lorenz Tutschek. 1848. "Über die Tumale-Sprache." Gelehrte Anzeigen, herausgegeben von Mitgliedern der k. bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaften. Nrs. 91-93; Spalten 729-52. (=Bulletin der königl. Akademie der Wissenschaften. Nrs. 29-31.)
- Lorenz Tutschek. 1848-50. "On the Tumali language". Proceedings of the Philological Society for 1846-47 and 1847-48. Vol 3:239-54. Proceedings of the Philological Society for 1848-49 and 1849-50. Vol. 4:138-9.
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