納瓦霍人

納瓦霍英語西班牙語)是美國西南部的一支原住民族,為北美洲地區現存最大的美洲原住民族群,人口據估計約有30萬人。「納瓦霍」族名由西班牙人所起,族人則自稱為「Diné」,即納瓦霍語「人」之意。

納瓦霍
Navajo medicine man
分佈地區
 美國
納瓦霍族保留地, 亞利桑那,
科羅拉多,
新墨西哥, 猶他
語言
納瓦霍語, 英語, 西班牙語
宗教信仰
納瓦霍人傳統信仰, 基督新教, 美國原住民族教會 (NAC), 其他
相关族群
其他阿帕契民族

納瓦霍族也擁有現今美國面積最大的印第安保留地,部族政府稱為Navajo Nation,橫跨亞利桑那,新墨西哥和猶他三州,面積7萬平方公里。部族政府拥有地方自治權,首府設在亞利桑那州温多罗克(Window Rock)鎮。

语言

納瓦霍族群有自己的语言納瓦霍語,沒有文字,只能口口相傳,其构成相当复杂,外族人幾乎無人能瞭解。因此,在太平洋戰爭中曾用于作为密码进行明码呼叫用,以讓日本軍無法破解美方密碼,至二戰結束时也沒有被破解。

參見

相關書籍

  • Bailey, L. R. (1964). The Long Walk: A History of the Navaho Wars, 1846–1868.
  • Bighorse, Tiana. (1990). Bighorse the Warrior. Ed. Noel Bennett, Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
  • Brown, Dee. . 1970. ISBN 0-330-23219-3.
  • Brugge, David M. . Window Rock, Arizona: Reseach Section, The Navajo Tribe. 1968.
  • Clarke, Dwight L. (1961). Stephen Watts Kearny: Soldier of the West. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press a
  • Downs, James F. (1972). The Navajo. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
  • Dyke, Walter. . Lincoln, Nebraska: Bison Books & University of Nebraska Press. 1967 [1938]. LCCN 44-2654.
  • Forbes, Jack D. . Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. 1960. LCCN 60-13480.
  • Gilpin, Laura. (1968). The Enduring Navaho. Austin: University of Texas Press.
  • Gold, Peter. . Rochester, Vermont: Inner Traditions International. 1994. ISBN 0-89281-411-X..
  • Hammond, George P. and Rey, Agapito (editors) (1940). Narratives of the Coronado Expedition 1540–1542. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
  • Henderson, Richard.(1994). “Replicating Dog Travois Travel on the Northern Plains.” Plains Anthropologist, V39:145–59
  • Iverson, Peter. (2002). Diné: A History of the Navahos. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. ISBN 0-8263-2714-1
  • Kelly, Lawrence (1970). Navajo Roundup, Pruett Pub. Co., Colorado.
  • Kluckholm, Clyde & Leighton, Dorothea (1946). The Navaho. Cambridge: Oxford University Press.
  • Loewen, James. W. (1999). Lies Across America. Pages 100–101; The New Press.
  • McNitt, Frank. (1972). Navajo Wars. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
  • Newcomb, Franc Johnson. . Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 1964. LCCCN 64-20759.
  • Plog, Stephen. Ancient Peoples of the American Southwest. Thames and London, LTD, London, England, 1997. ISBN 0-500-27939-X.
  • Compiled (1973). Roessel, Ruth (editor). Navajo Stories of the Long Walk Period. Tsaile, Arizona: Navajo Community College Press.
  • Compiled. Roessel, Ruth , 编. . Tsaile, Arizona: Navajo Community College Press. 1974. ISBN 0-912586-18-4.
  • Terrell, J. U. (1970). The Navajos.
  • Underhill, Ruth M. (1956). The Navahos. Norman: The University of Oklahoma Press.
  • Witherspoon, Gary. (1977). Language and Art in the Navajo Universe. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

外部連結

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