维奇猪笼草

维奇猪笼草
	产自砂勞越巴里奥的维奇猪笼草
保护状况
	; 近危（IUCN 2.3）
科学分类
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	真双子叶植物 Eudicots
目：	石竹目 Caryophyllales
科：	猪笼草科 Nepenthaceae
属：	猪笼草属 Nepenthes
种：	维奇猪笼草 N. veitchii
二名法
	Nepenthes veitchii; Hook.f. (1859)[1]
異名
	同物异名 Nepenthes lanata; Lindl. ex Mast. (1872)[2]; Nepenthes sanguinea; auct. non Lindl.: Mast. (1882); Nepenthes villosa; auct. non Hook.f.: Hook. (1858); [=N. veitchii/N. villosa]; 异物同名 Nepenthes veitchii; auct. non Hook.f.: Endert (1927); [=N. fusca];

维奇猪笼草（学名：）是婆罗洲特有的热带食虫植物。[3]其广泛分布于婆罗洲西北部。其种加词“veitchii”来源于维奇苗圃的主人，詹姆斯·维奇。[4]

低地地区的树林中维奇猪笼草常附生，其以叶柄环抱树杆向上生长。而在高地地区泥炭沼泽的维奇猪笼草则多陆生。[3]巴里奥地区的维奇猪笼草似乎严格陆生，未在该地区观察到其附生植株。此外，低地地区和高地地区的维奇猪笼草在形态上也有区别，低地变型比高地变型的唇窄。[3]

维奇猪笼草被认为产于菲律宾的罗伯坎特利猪笼草（N. robcantleyi）之间存在着密切的近缘关系。[5]其也与宝特瓶猪笼草（N. truncata）进行了比较。[6]

植物学史

弗雷德里克·威廉·伯比奇在《园丁纪事》中描述了维奇猪笼草的生活习性：[注 1][7][8]

维奇猪笼草，严格附生。除了在高20至100英尺的树干上，我从未在任何地方上看到过维奇猪笼草。其叶片对生，部分叶片环扣着树干，就像一个人环抱住树干一样。据我所知没有其他任何猪笼草具有这样的生活习性。

1865年，奥多阿多·贝卡利在山都望山山顶发现了维奇猪笼草。他对其发现叙述到：[注 2][7][9]

这种猪笼草极为精致，罕见……部分标本可长达10英尺。该物种捕虫笼的笼口为黄色、垂直，特别突出显眼。其鲜艳的色彩可吸引昆虫进入其完美的捕虫笼中。

种下类群

以下为已被描述的维奇猪笼草的种下类群。但其现在都被认为是无效的，为裸名。

Nepenthes veitchii f. barioensis Y.Fukatsu (1999) nom.nud.
Nepenthes veitchii striata Veitch (1892) nom.nud.

自然杂交种

以下为已发现的维奇猪笼草的自然杂交种。

N. albomarginata × N. veitchii[10]
N. chaniana × N. veitchii[4]
? N. faizaliana × N. veitchii[4]
N. fusca × N. veitchii[10][=?N. hurrelliana]
N. hurrelliana × N. veitchii[11][=?(N. fusca × N. veitchii) × N. veitchii]
N. lowii × N. veitchii[10]
N. stenophylla × N. veitchii[10]

注释

弗雷德里克·威廉·伯比奇在《园丁纪事》中描述维奇猪笼草生活习性的原文：[7][8]

Now as to N. Veitchii. This is a true epiphyte. I never met with it on the ground anywhere, but in great quantity 20—100 feet high on tree trunks. Its distichous habit is unique, I fancy, and then some of the leaves actually clasp around the tree just as a man would fold his arms around it in similar circumstances. No other species of Nepenthes, so far as I know, has this habit.

奥多阿多·贝卡利对在山都望山发现的维奇猪笼草的叙述原文：[7][9]

This is one of the finest and rarest of all pitcher-plants. [...] Some of the specimens I got measured quite ten inches in length. The mouth of the pitcher in this species is certainly its most conspicuous and remarkable part by reason of its rich orange colour and its vertical position. It is also a perfect trap to entice insects into its interior, attracting them from a distance by its bright colours. Sir Joseph Hooker compares the mouth of the pitchers of N. veitchii to the gills of a fish, to which, indeed, with their narrow lamellae converging to the centre, they bear considerable resemblance.

参考文献

Hooker, J.D. 1859. XXXV. On the origin and development of the pitchers of Nepenthes, with an account of some new Bornean plants of that genus 页面存档备份，存于. The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 22(4): 415–424. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1856.tb00113.x
Masters, M.T. 1872. The cultivated species of Nepenthes. 页面存档备份，存于 The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette 1872(16): 540–542.
夏洛特. . 台北: 商周出版. 2007: 69–70. ISBN 978-986-124-850-9.
Phillipps, A., A. Lamb & C.C. Lee 2008. Pitcher Plants of Borneo. Second Edition. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
Cheek, M. 2011. Nepenthes robcantleyi sp. nov. (Nepenthaceae) from Mindanao, Philippines. Nordic Journal of Botany. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2011.01449.x
Macfarlane, J.M. 1927. The Philippine species of Nepenthes. The Philippine Journal of Science 33(2): 127–140.
Phillipps, A. & A. Lamb 1996. Pitcher-Plants of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
Burbidge, F.W. 1882. Notes on the new Nepenthes 页面存档备份，存于. The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 17(420): 56.
Beccari, O. 1904. Wanderings in the Great Forests of Borneo. Constable, London.
Clarke, C.M. 1997. Nepenthes of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.

[Anonymous] 1881. Messrs. Veitch's Nepenthes-house. The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 16(410): 598–599.
[Anonymous] 1881. New garden plants. Nepenthes Veitchii, Hook. f.. The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 16(416): 780–781.
[Anonymous] 1883. Mr. A. E. Ratcliff's Nepenthes. The Gardeners' Chronicle 20(497): 18–19.
[Anonymous] 1887. Nepenthes at Messrs. Veitch's, Chelsea. The Gardeners' Chronicle, series 3, 2(41): 438.
Adam, J.H., C.C. Wilcock & M.D. Swaine 1992. The ecology and distribution of Bornean Nepenthes.PDF Journal of Tropical Forest Science 5(1): 13–25.
Adam, J.H. & C.C. Wilcock 1999. Palynological study of Bornean Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae).PDF Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science 22(1): 1–7.
（法文） André, E. 1876. Nepenthes Veitchi, J. D. Hook.. L'Illustration horticole: revue mensuelle des serres et des jardins 23: 192–193, t. 261.
Bauer, U., C.J. Clemente, T. Renner & W. Federle 2012. Form follows function: morphological diversification and alternative trapping strategies in carnivorous Nepenthes pitcher plants. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 25(1): 90–102. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02406.x
Benz, M.J., E.V. Gorb & S.N. Gorb 2012. Diversity of the slippery zone microstructure in pitchers of nine carnivorous Nepenthes taxa. Arthropod-Plant Interactions 6(1): 147–158. doi:10.1007/s11829-011-9171-2
Bourke, G. 2010. The climbing pitcher plants of the Kelabit highlands.PDF Captive Exotics Newsletter 1(1): 4–7.
Bourke, G. 2011. The Nepenthes of Mulu National Park. Carniflora Australis 8(1): 20–31.
Clarke 等. . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. [11 May 2006].
Clarke, C.M. 2006. Introduction. In: Danser, B.H. The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. pp. 1–15.
Damayanti, F., M. Mansur & I. Roostika 2011. Diversity of Nepenthes spp. in West Kalimantan. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation 3(13): 705–708.
De Witte, J. 1996. Nepenthes of Gunung Murud.PDF (567 KiB) Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 25(2): 41–45.
Dixon, W.E. 1889. Nepenthes. 页面存档备份，存于 The Gardeners' Chronicle, series 3, 6(144): 354.
Dodd, C. 1990. Nepenthes veitchii.PDF (457 KiB) Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 19(3-4): 106-108.
Hansen, E. 2001. Where rocks sing, ants swim, and plants eat animals: finding members of the Nepenthes carnivorous plant family in Borneo Archived 2012-09-28 at WebCite. Discover 22(10): 60–68.
（法文） Jarry-Desloges, R. 1903. Variétés nouvelles ou rares de Nepenthes. Le Jardin 17: 72.
Lee, C.C. 2000. Recent Nepenthes Discoveries 页面存档备份，存于. [video] The 3rd Conference of the International Carnivorous Plant Society, San Francisco, USA.
Lee, C.C. 2002. Nepenthes species of the Hose Mountains in Sarawak, Borneo.PDF Proceedings of the 4th International Carnivorous Plant Conference, Hiroshima University, Tokyo: 25–30.
Lee, C.C. 2002. Nepenthes species of the Hose Mountains in Sarawak, Borneo. [video] The 4th International Carnivorous Plant Conference, Tokyo, Japan. (video by Irmgard & Siegfried R. H. Hartmeyer)
（印尼文） Mansur, M. 2001. Koleksi Nepenthes di Herbarium Bogoriense: prospeknya sebagai tanaman hias.PDF In: Prosiding Seminar Hari Cinta Puspa dan Satwa Nasional. Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Bogor. pp. 244–253.
Moore, D. 1872. On the culture of Nepenthes at Glasnevin. The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette 1872(11): 359–360.
Masters, M.T. 1882. New garden plants. Nepenthes rubro-maculata×, Hort. Veitch. The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 17(423): 143.
Masters, M.T. 1882. New garden plants. Nepenthes lanata. The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 17(424): 178.
McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Borneo. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
Meimberg, H., P. Dittrich, G. Bringmann, J. Schlauer & G. Heubl 2000. Molecular phylogeny of Caryophyllidae s.l. based on matK sequences with special emphasis on carnivorous taxa. Plant Biology 2(2): 218–228. doi:10.1055/s-2000-9460
Meimberg, H., A. Wistuba, P. Dittrich & G. Heubl 2001. Molecular phylogeny of Nepenthaceae based on cladistic analysis of plastid trnK intron sequence data. Plant Biology 3(2): 164–175. doi:10.1055/s-2001-12897
（德文） Meimberg, H. 2002. Molekular-systematische Untersuchungen an den Familien Nepenthaceae und Ancistrocladaceae sowie verwandter Taxa aus der Unterklasse Caryophyllidae s. l..PDF Ph.D. thesis, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich.
Meimberg, H. & G. Heubl 2006. Introduction of a nuclear marker for phylogenetic analysis of Nepenthaceae. Plant Biology 8(6): 831–840. doi:10.1055/s-2006-924676
Meimberg, H., S. Thalhammer, A. Brachmann & G. Heubl 2006. Comparative analysis of a translocated copy of the trnK intron in carnivorous family Nepenthaceae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39(2): 478–490. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.11.023
Miyagi, I. & T. Toma 2007. A new mosquito of the genus Topomyia (Diptera, Culicidae) from a Nepenthes pitcher plant in a Bario highland of Sarawak, Malaysia. Medical Entomology and Zoology 58(3): 167–174. Abstract 页面存档备份，存于
（捷克文） Neubauer, J. 2003. Nepenthes veitchii Hook. F.. Trifid 2003(2): 26–27. (page 2)
Siegara, A. & Yogiara 2009. Bacterial community profiles in the fluid of four pitcher plant species (Nepenthes spp.) grown in a nursery. Microbiology Indonesia 3(3): 109–114.
Thorogood, C. 2010. The Malaysian Nepenthes: Evolutionary and Taxonomic Perspectives. Nova Science Publishers, New York.

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[Burbidge-9] 弗雷德里克·威廉·伯比奇在《园丁纪事》中描述维奇猪笼草生活习性的原文：[7][8]

Now as to N. Veitchii. This is a true epiphyte. I never met with it on the ground anywhere, but in great quantity 20—100 feet high on tree trunks. Its distichous habit is unique, I fancy, and then some of the leaves actually clasp around the tree just as a man would fold his arms around it in similar circumstances. No other species of Nepenthes, so far as I know, has this habit.

[Beccari-11] 奥多阿多·贝卡利对在山都望山发现的维奇猪笼草的叙述原文：[7][9]

This is one of the finest and rarest of all pitcher-plants. [...] Some of the specimens I got measured quite ten inches in length. The mouth of the pitcher in this species is certainly its most conspicuous and remarkable part by reason of its rich orange colour and its vertical position. It is also a perfect trap to entice insects into its interior, attracting them from a distance by its bright colours. Sir Joseph Hooker compares the mouth of the pitchers of N. veitchii to the gills of a fish, to which, indeed, with their narrow lamellae converging to the centre, they bear considerable resemblance.

[Hooker1859-1] Hooker, J.D. 1859. XXXV. On the origin and development of the pitchers of Nepenthes, with an account of some new Bornean plants of that genus 页面存档备份，存于. The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 22(4): 415–424. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1856.tb00113.x

[2] Masters, M.T. 1872. The cultivated species of Nepenthes. 页面存档备份，存于 The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette 1872(16): 540–542.

[夏洛特2007-3] 夏洛特. . 台北: 商周出版. 2007: 69–70. ISBN 978-986-124-850-9.

[P&L2008-4] Phillipps, A., A. Lamb & C.C. Lee 2008. Pitcher Plants of Borneo. Second Edition. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.

[robcantleyi-5] Cheek, M. 2011. Nepenthes robcantleyi sp. nov. (Nepenthaceae) from Mindanao, Philippines. Nordic Journal of Botany. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2011.01449.x

[6] Macfarlane, J.M. 1927. The Philippine species of Nepenthes. The Philippine Journal of Science 33(2): 127–140.

[P&L-7] Phillipps, A. & A. Lamb 1996. Pitcher-Plants of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.

[Burbidge-8] Burbidge, F.W. 1882. Notes on the new Nepenthes 页面存档备份，存于. The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 17(420): 56.

[Beccari-10] Beccari, O. 1904. Wanderings in the Great Forests of Borneo. Constable, London.

[Clarke-12] Clarke, C.M. 1997. Nepenthes of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.

[McPherson-13] McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.