美国公务员委员会

美国公务员制度委员会是美国联邦政府设立的一个政府机构，起初的目的是为了考核联邦政府内部所雇用员工的绩效而设立的，1978年的公务员制度改革法案使它於1979年被解散，由美国人事管理办公室和考绩制度保护委员会取代。

历史沿革

1871年，美国总统尤利西斯·辛普森·格兰特和美国国会通过了公务员制度改革法案，第一次成立美国公务员委员会。格兰特总统和美国国会持续两年撥款給委员会，直到1874年。然而严重依赖獵官制的美国国会(参议院更甚)没有繼續撥款給公务员委员会。[1]格兰特总统的继任者——拉瑟福德·伯查德·海斯请求更新的资金，但没有被授予。

海斯的继任者詹姆斯·艾布拉姆·加菲尔德总统提倡改革公务员制度，但是遭獵官不成的查尔斯·J·古提奥暗殺。

加菲爾德總統的繼任者切斯特·艾倫·阿瑟總統推動了公務員制度的改革，並且遊說國會在1883年通過彭德爾頓法案。彭德爾頓法案的通過部分是由於公眾對加菲尔德總統遭暗殺的反感。德爾頓法案重新為公務員委員會提供資金，並設立了一個三人委員會負責委員會運作，由亞瑟總統任命委員。彭德爾頓法案要求某些申請人參加公務員考試，才能獲得某些工作；它也阻止了當選官員和政治任命者開除公務員，使公務員免受獵官和黨派行為的影響。阿瑟總統和隨後的總統繼續擴大公務員委員會的權力，管理更多聯邦部門的職務。公務員委員會除了減少獵官外，還減輕了美國總統任命聯邦職務的繁重責任。

历届委员会主席
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George W. Curtis
1871年，第一位美国公务员委员会主席由美国总统尤利西斯·辛普森·格兰特任命。
名称起始结束
George W. Curtis[2]January 1, 1872January 1, 1874
Dorman B. EatonMar 9, 1883 [3]Nov 1, 1885 (resigned) [4]
Alfred P. EdgertonNov 9, 1885 [5]Feb 9, 1889 (removed) [5]
Charles LymanMay 13, 1889 [7]Dec 15, 1893 (resigned) [8]
John R. ProcterDec 15, 1893 [8]Dec 12, 1903 (died) [9]
John C. BlackJan 17, 1904 [10]Jun 10, 1913 (resigned) [11]
John A. McIlhennyJun 12, 1913 [12]Feb 28, 1919 (resigned) [13]
Martin A. MorrisonMar 13, 1919 [13]Jul 14, 1921 (resigned) [14]
John H. BartlettJul 15, 1921 [14]Mar 12, 1922 (resigned) [14]
William C. DemingMar 1, 1923 [15]Feb 6, 1930 (resigned) [16]
Thomas E. CampbellJul 11, 1930 [17]c. 1933 (resigned)
Harry B. MitchellMay 19, 1933 [18]Feb 26, 1951 (resigned) [19]
Robert RamspeckMar 16, 1951 [20]Dec 31, 1952 (resigned) [21]
Philip YoungMar 23, 1953 [22]Feb 11, 1957 (resigned) [23]
Harris EllsworthApr 18, 1957 [24]Feb 28, 1959 (resigned) [24]
Roger W. JonesMar 10, 1959 [25]Jan 4, 1961 (resigned) [26]
John W. MacyMar 6, 1961 [27]Jan 18, 1969 (resigned) [28]
Robert E. HamptonJan 18, 1969 [28]c. 1977 [29]
Alan K. CampbellJanuary 2, 1979January 20, 1981


關連項目

参考来源
  1. Brands (2012), pp. 543-544
  2. Smith (2001), p. 589
  3. Foulke, W. D. Fighting the spoilsmen: reminiscences of the civil service reform movement (New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 1919), p.8
  4. Cleveland, Grover. Accepting Letter of Resignation of Dorman B. Eaton in The Writings and Speeches of Grover Cleveland, ed. George F. Parker (New York: Cassell Publishing Company, 1892), p.46
  5. Fourth Report of the United States Civil Service Commission (Washington: Government Printing Office. 1888) pp. 120-121
  6. R.P. van Riper, 1958. History of the United States Civil Service, Row, Peterson & Co., 1958
  7. Trying The Charleston, "New York Times", May 14, 1889
  8. Procter Succeeds Lyman, "The Daily Argus News" (Crawfordsville, Indiana), Dec 15 1893
  9. ''Twentieth Annual Report of the United States Civil Service Commission (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1904) p. 7.
  10. Gen. Black Takes The Oath, "New York Times", Jan 17, 1904
  11. Thirty-First Annual Report of the United States Civil Service Commission (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1915) p. 116.
  12. McIlhenny Heads Civil Service, "New York Times", Jun 13, 1913
  13. Thirty-Sixth Annual Report of the United States Civil Service Commission(Washington: Government Printing Office, 1919) p. xxvii
  14. Thirty-Ninth Annual Report of the United States Civil Service Commission(Washington: Government Printing Office, 1922) p. 121
  15. The U.S. Civil Service Commission, "Congressional Digest", Vol II. No. 7 (April 1923), p. 198
  16. Hoover, Herbert. Letter Accepting the Resignation of William C. Deming as President of the Civil Service Commission in "Public Papers Of The Presidents Of The United States" (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1976)
  17. Civil Service Head Takes Oath, "The Hartford Courant" (Hartford, Connecticut), Jul 11, 1930
  18. Politics And Politicians, "Gazette And Bulletin" (Williamsport, Pennsylvania), May 20, 1933
  19. Ramspeck Is Named Civil Service Head, "The Day" (New London, Connecticut), Feb 27, 1951
  20. Ramspeck Takes Oath For Commission Post, "The Spokesman-Review" (Spokane, Washington), Mar 17, 1951
  21. Civil Service Chief Quits, Wins Praise, "Toledo Blade" (Toledo, Ohio), Jan 1, 1953
  22. Eisenhower Pledges To Rid Civil Service Of All Incompetents, "Florence Times" (Florence, Alabama), Mar 23, 1953
  23. Two Quit CSC, "Reading Eagle" (Reading, Pennsylvania), Feb 11, 1957
  24. . Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Senate Historical office and House Legislative Resource Center.
  25. Roger Jones Becomes Head of Civil Service, "The Hartford Courant" (Hartford, Connecticut), Mar 10, 1959
  26. Kennedy, Farm Bosses Tackle Issue, "The Miami News" (Miami, Florida), Jan 5, 1961
  27. Macy Serves First Month In Federal Post for Free, "The Hartford Courant" (Hartford, Connecticut), Mar 5, 1961
  28. Nixon Names Three to Policy Positions, "The Los Angeles Times" (Los Angeles, California), Jan 18, 1969
  29. . Gerald R. Ford Library-Guides. June 1989 [2011-02-09]. （原始内容存档于2011-07-01）.
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