美索不達米亞戰役
美索不達米亞戰役(Mesopotamian campaign)是指第一次世界大戰期間爆發在美索不達米亞地區大英帝國及其盟友和鄂圖曼土耳其帝國之間的戰爭。這場戰爭主要在現在的伊拉克地區進行。1918年10月30日,鄂圖曼土耳其帝國對英國投降,美索不達米亞戰役以英國的勝利而結束。
美索不達米亞戰役 | |||||||||
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第一次世界大戰中东战场的一部分 | |||||||||
庫特圍城戰時的鄂圖曼第六軍團 | |||||||||
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参战方 | |||||||||
科威特 (1914年)[1] |
奥斯曼帝国 德意志帝國 | ||||||||
指挥官与领导者 | |||||||||
約翰·尼克森 佩西·萊克 弗雷德里克·毛德 查理·唐賢德(俘虜) 穆巴拉克·愛爾-沙巴 |
蘇萊曼·阿斯克里 卡濟姆·喀拉貝基爾 阿里·伊珊·薩畢斯 | ||||||||
兵力 | |||||||||
350,000人[2]–410,000人以上[3] | 100,000人以上 | ||||||||
伤亡与损失 | |||||||||
92,000人 | 100,000人以上 |
參考資料
- F.J.Moberley The Campaign in Mesopotamia(4 vols, 1923–27, HMSO, official history)
- A. J. Barker (1967) The Neglected War. Faber and Faber.
- A. J. Barker (2009) The First Iraq War, 1914–1918: Britain's Mesopotamian Campaign. New York: Enigma Books. ISBN 978-1-929631-86-5. (published in 1967 in Britain as The Neglected War)
- Mesopotamia Campaign Archived 2012-10-19 at WebCite – from The Long, Long Trail website, downloaded November, 2014.
- 页面存档备份,存于 – Mesopotamia Campaign, from The Commonwealth War Graves Commission newsletter, downloaded June, 2011.
- Slot, B.J. . London: Arabian Publishing. 2005. ISBN 9780954479244.
- Strachan, Hew (2003). The First World War, pp 123–125. Viking (Published by the Penguin Group)
- Fromkin, David (1989). A Peace to End All Peace. Avon Books.
- U.S. Military Academy map of the 1915 Campaign
- U.S. Military Academy map of the Siege of Kut
- Esposito, Vincent (ed.) (1959). The West Point Atlas of American Wars – Vol. 2; map 53. Frederick Praeger Press.
- Briton Cooper Busch (1971) Britain, India, and the Arabs 1914–1921. University of California Press.
- Wilcox, Ron (2006) Battles on the Tigris. Pen and Sword Military
- Woodward, David R . "Field Marshal Sir William Robertson", Westport Connecticut & London: Praeger, 1998, ISBN 0-275-95422-6
- Cato, Conrad. The Navy in Mesopotamia, 1914–1917. London: Constable & Co., 1917.
- E.O.Mousley The Secrets of a Kuttite: An Authentic Story of Kut, Adventures in Captivity and Stamboul Intrigue (1922; John Lane, The Bodley Head, London & New York)
注释
- Slot 2005,第406–09页
- Erickson 2007, page 154.
- A naval history of World War I 页面存档备份,存于, Paul G. Halpern, Routledge, 1995, ISBN 1-85728-498-4, page 132.
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