补语

英语补语的作用对象是主语宾语,具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的。补语是起补充说明作用的成份。最常见的是宾语补足语。名词动名词形容词副词不定词现在分词过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补。

主詞的補語

它用在介係詞之後,是句子的一个基本成分。常用主-介-表結構。

I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.
我看到她和他们在一起,至少我認為是她。(her做受詞,with做介係詞,them做主詞補語)
Who broke the vase? --谁打碎了花瓶?
Me. 我。 (me做主詞補語= It's me.)
John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she. (she做主语补语)
约翰希望那位乘客是瑪莉,還真是她。

受詞的補語

  • 不定詞(to do)
Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。
We made him to copy the sentence.
He is made to copy the sentence.
I felt my hands tremble.
  • 名词
At the meeting we elected him monitor.
I think your brother a clever boy.
  • 形容词
What you said made Xiao Wang angry.
I found the classroom empty.
  • 副词
Please call the students back at once.
He was seen to take his cap off.
  • 现在分词
We hear him singing in the hall.
I found him lying in bed, sleeping.
  • 过去分词
He saw his face reflected in the water.
I heard it spoken of in the next room.
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