訊息傳遞 (生物)

訊息傳遞（英語：；也譯作訊息傳導）是化学或物理信号作为一系列分子事件通过细胞传递的过程，最常见的是蛋白激酶催化的蛋白质磷酸化，最终导致细胞反应。负责检测刺激的蛋白质通常被称为受体，尽管在某些情况下使用术语传感器。[1]受体中配体结合（或信号传感）引起的变化产生信号级联，其是沿信号传导途径的生物化学事件链。当信号通路彼此相互作用时，它们形成网络，通常通过组合信号传导事件来协调细胞反应。[2]在分子水平上，此类反应包括基因转录或翻译的变化，蛋白质的翻译后和构象变化，以及它们的位置变化。这些分子事件是控制细胞生长，增殖，代谢和许多其他过程的基本机制。[3]在多细胞生物中，信号转导途径已经进化到以多种方式调节细胞通讯。

訊息傳遞概觀。

信号通路的每个组件（或节点）根据其相对于初始刺激所起的作用进行分类。配体被称为第一信使，而受体是信号传感器，然后激活初级效应器。这种效应器通常与第二信使相关联，第二信使可以激活次级效应器，等等。根据节点的效率，可以放大信号（称为信号增益的概念），这样一个信号分子就可以产生涉及数百到数百万个分子的响应。[4]与其他信号一样，生物信号的转导的特征是延迟，噪声，信号反馈和前馈和干扰，其范围可以从可忽略到病态。[5]随着计算生物学的出现，信号通路和网络的分析已经成为理解细胞功能和疾病的重要工具，包括发信号通知对获得性耐药性反应的重新布线机制。[6]

参阅

参考资料

Bradshaw, Ralph A.; Dennis, Edward A., eds. (2010). Handbook of Cell Signaling (2nd ed.). Amsterdam, Netherlands: Academic Press. ISBN 9780123741455.
Papin, Jason A.; Hunter, Tony; Palsson, Bernhard O.; Subramaniam, Shankar (14 January 2005). "Reconstruction of cellular signalling networks and analysis of their properties". Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 6 (2): 99–111. doi:10.1038/nrm1570. PMID 15654321.
Krauss, Gerhard (2008). Biochemistry of Signal Transduction and Regulation. Wiley-VCH. p. 15. ISBN 978-3527313976.
Reece, Jane; Campbell, Neil (2002). Biology. San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings. ISBN 0-8053-6624-5.
Kolch, Walter; Halasz, Melinda; Granovskaya, Marina; Kholodenko, Boris N. (20 August 2015). "The dynamic control of signal transduction networks in cancer cells". Nature Reviews Cancer. 15 (9): 515–527. doi:10.1038/nrc3983. PMID 26289315.
Bago R, Sommer E, Castel P, Crafter C, Bailey FP, Shpiro N, Baselga J, Cross D, Eyers PA, Alessi DR (2016) The hVps34-SGK3 pathway alleviates sustained PI3K/Akt inhibition by stimulating mTORC1 and tumour growth. EMBO Journal 35:1902-22

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[1] Bradshaw, Ralph A.; Dennis, Edward A., eds. (2010). Handbook of Cell Signaling (2nd ed.). Amsterdam, Netherlands: Academic Press. ISBN 9780123741455.

[2] Papin, Jason A.; Hunter, Tony; Palsson, Bernhard O.; Subramaniam, Shankar (14 January 2005). "Reconstruction of cellular signalling networks and analysis of their properties". Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 6 (2): 99–111. doi:10.1038/nrm1570. PMID 15654321.

[3] Krauss, Gerhard (2008). Biochemistry of Signal Transduction and Regulation. Wiley-VCH. p. 15. ISBN 978-3527313976.

[4] Reece, Jane; Campbell, Neil (2002). Biology. San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings. ISBN 0-8053-6624-5.

[5] Kolch, Walter; Halasz, Melinda; Granovskaya, Marina; Kholodenko, Boris N. (20 August 2015). "The dynamic control of signal transduction networks in cancer cells". Nature Reviews Cancer. 15 (9): 515–527. doi:10.1038/nrc3983. PMID 26289315.

[6] Bago R, Sommer E, Castel P, Crafter C, Bailey FP, Shpiro N, Baselga J, Cross D, Eyers PA, Alessi DR (2016) The hVps34-SGK3 pathway alleviates sustained PI3K/Akt inhibition by stimulating mTORC1 and tumour growth. EMBO Journal 35:1902-22