費爾南多·佩索阿
费尔南多·佩索阿(葡萄牙语:,1888年6月13日-1935年11月30日),生於里斯本,是葡萄牙詩人與作家。 他生前以詩集《使命》而聞名於世。 他被認為是繼路易·德贾梅士之後最偉大的葡語作家。文評家卜倫在他的作品《西方正典》形容為他是與諾貝爾獎得主巴勃魯·聶魯達最能夠代表二十世紀的詩人。在2007年票選最偉大的葡萄牙人中,他排名第八。
寫作風格
他在文學上以「創造」性格聞名,我們稱這種寫作手法為「異名」(Heteronymy)。各個「異名者」(heteronyms)有着不同的阅历、性格与人生哲学。異名者与作者「自我」之间常常互通书信,交流思想。在眾多角色中,以「自我」加上另外三個「異名者」最為成熟及最廣為人知。三個「異名者」分別是Álvaro de Campos、Ricardo Reis和Alberto Caeiro。在他們當中,「自我」通常都是最能夠帶出真理、存在及個性等深層哲學意義的角色。
自我(Ortónimo)
「佩索亞的自我」性格很全面,本身也是個作家,但是總離不開士巴斯梯斯式的愛國主義思想。他的「自我」在某程度上深受一些宗教理念影響,如通神論思想及共濟會的宗教觀。故此,「自我」的詩詞充滿神話及史詩式的氣魄,有時還有一種悲劇的味道。他作為一個普世主義(Universalism)詩人,他的世界觀可能受到東方及理性主義哲學思想所影響,顯得相當矛盾,他同時接受單一及多方面的世界觀。所以,這倒令佩索亞有十足的理由把其他的三個「異名者」連同《使命》中的「半自我」-Bernando Soares從「自我」分開出來。
以葡萄牙歷史人物為背景的詩集《使命》中的佩索亞,就是最能夠代表這個「自我」,這也是他生前唯一出版的詩集。
- por: Rui Alexandre N. Costa 12ºano Escola Secundária Paços de Ferreira '04/'05
文學評論(葡語)
Pessoa / Author: Carvalho, António Carlos. Publication: Lisboa: Pergaminho, 1999
O coração do texto = Le coeur du texte : novos ensaios pessoanos /author: Seabra, José Augusto.; Galhoz, Maria Aliete Dores. Publication: Lisboa : Edições Cosmos, 1996
Para compreender Fernando Pessoa : uma aproximação a Fernando Pessoa e heteronimos / Author: Pais, Amélia Pinto. Publication: Porto : Areal Editores, 1996
Pessoa inédito / Author: Pessoa, Fernando, 1888-1935.; Lopes, Maria Teresa Rita. Publication: Lisboa : Livros Horizonte, 1993
A vivência do tempo em Fernando Pessoa e outros ensaios pessoanos / Author: Matos, Maria Vitalina Leal de, 1939-publication: Lisboa, Portugal : Editorial Verbo, 1993
Literatura & heteronímia :sobre Fernando Pessoa / Author: Diogo, Américo António Lindeza.Publication: Pontevedra-Braga : Irmandades da Fala de Galiza e Portugal, 1992
Fernando Pessoa espelho e a esfinge / Author: Moisés, Massaud. Publication: São Paulo : Editora Cultrix : Editora da Universidade de São Paulo, 1988
Nos passos de Pessoa :ensaios / Author: Mourão-Ferreira, David, 1927- Publication: Lisboa : Editorial Presença, 1988
Estudos sobre Fernando Pessoa / Author: Crespo, Angel, 1926- Publication: Lisboa, Portugal : Teorema, 1988
Fernando Pessoa, o desconhecido de si mesmo / Author: Paz, Octavio, 1914-; Da Costa, Luís Alves.Publication: Lisboa : Vega, 1988
Fernando Pessoa: os trezentos e outros ensaios / Author: Centeno, Y. K. Publication: Lisboa : Editorial Presença, 1988
Microleituras de Alvaro de Campos :e outras investigações pessoanas / Author: Coêlho, Joaquim-Francisco, 1938-Publication: Lisboa : Publicações Dom Quixote, 1987
Compreender Pessoa / Author: Vilhena, Ramires.Publication: Lisboa : Vega, 1986
O essencial sobre Fernando Pessoa / Author: Lancastre, Maria José de. Publication: [Lisbon] : INCM, 1985
Fernando Pessoa :aquém do eu, além do outro / Author: Perrone-Moisés, Leyla.Publication: São Paulo, SP, Brasil : Martins Fontes, 1982
Estudos sobre Fernando Pessoa / Author: Lind, Georg Rudolf. Publication: [Lisbon] : Impr. Nacional-Casa da Moeda, 1981
Pessoa e Camões : três análises divergentes / Author: Alves, José Edil de Lima, 1943-publication: Porto Alegre : Editora Movimento, 1979
O constelado Fernando Pessoa / Author: Quesado, José Clécio Basílio. Publication: Rio de Janeiro : Imago Editora, 1976
Um Fernando Pessoa / Author: Silva, Agostinho da, 1906-; Pessoa, Fernando,Publication: Lisboa : Guimarães Editores, 1959
Works in English
, Ana Maria de Freitas, editor, Lisbon, Portugal: Assírio & Alvim, 2012, ISBN 978-972-0-79312-6, (原始内容存档于2013-01-14)
, Richard Zenith, transl, Lisbon, Portugal: Assírio & Alvim, 2010 [2008], ISBN 978-972-37-1379-4, (原始内容存档于2013-01-14)
, Chris Daniels, transl, Exeter, UK: Shearsman Books, 2009 [1928–35] [2010-07-28], ISBN 978-1-905700-25-7, (原始内容存档于2010-12-18)
, Exeter, UK: Shearsman Books, 2008 [2010-07-28], ISBN 978-1-905700-25-7, (原始内容存档于2011-04-02)
, Chris Daniels, transl., Exeter, UK: Shearsman Books, 2007 [2010-07-28], ISBN 978-1-905700-24-0, (原始内容存档于2011-04-04)
, Exeter, UK: Shearsman Books, 2007 [2010-07-28], ISBN 978-1-905700-26-4, (原始内容存档于2011-04-02)
, Jonathan Griffin, transl, Exeter, UK: Shearsman Books, 2007 [2010-07-28], ISBN 978-1-905700-27-1, (原始内容存档于2011-04-02)
Selected English Poems , ed. Tony Frazer, Exeter (UK): Shearsman Books, 2007. ISBN 1-905700-26-1
A Centenary Pessoa, transl. Keith Bosley & L. C. Taylor, foreword by Octavio Paz, Carcanet Press, 2006. ISBN 1-85754-724-1
A Little Larger Than the Entire Universe: Selected Poems, transl. Richard Zenith, Penguin Classics, 2006. ISBN 0-14-303955-5
The Education of the Stoic, transl. Richard Zenith, afterword by Antonio Tabucchi, Exact Change, 2004. ISBN 1-878972-40-5
The Book of Disquiet, transl. Richard Zenith, Penguin classics, 2003. ISBN 978-0-14-118304-6
The Selected Prose of Fernando Pessoa, transl. Richard Zenith, Grove Press, 2002. ISBN 0-8021-3914-0
Sheep's Vigil by a Fervent Person: A Transelation of Alberto Caeiro/Fernando Pessoa, transl. Eirin Moure, House of Anansi, 2001. ISBN 0-88784-660-2
, Richard Zenith, transl., New York, USA: Grove Press, 2001, ISBN 978-0-8021-3914-6
Selected Poems: with New Supplement , transl. Jonathan Griffin, Penguin Classics; 2nd edition, 2000. ISBN 0-14-118433-7
Fernando Pessoa & Co: Selected Poems, transl. Richard Zenith, Grove Press, 1999. ISBN 0-8021-3627-3
, Edwin Honig & Susan Brown, transl., San Francisco, USA: City Lights Books, 1998, ISBN 978-0-87286-342-2
The Keeper of Sheep, bilingual edition, transl. Edwin Honig & Susan M. Brown, Sheep Meadow, 1997. ISBN 1-878818-45-7
Message, transl. Jonathan Griffin, introduction by Helder Macedo, Menard Press, 1992. ISBN 1-905700-27-X
The Book of Disquietude, transl. Richard Zenith, Carcanet Press, 1991. ISBN 0-14-118304-7
The Book of Disquiet, transl. Iain Watson, Quartet Books, 1991. ISBN 0-7043-0153-9
The Book of Disquiet, transl. Alfred Mac Adam, New York NY: Pantheon Books, 1991. ISBN 0-679-40234-9
The Book of Disquiet, transl. Margaret Jull Costa, London, New York NY: Serpent's Tail, 1991, ISBN 1-85242-204-1
Fernando Pessoa: Self-Analysis and Thirty Other Poems, transl. George Monteiro, Gavea-Brown Publications, 1989. ISBN 0-943722-14-4
, Edwin Honig, transl., San Francisco, USA: City Lights Books, 1988, ISBN 978-0-87286-228-9
Selected Poems, transl. Edwin Honig, Swallow Press, 1971. ISBN B000XU4FE4
English Poems, 2 vol. (vol. 1 part I – Antinous, part II – Inscriptions; vol. 2 part III – Epithalamium), Lisbon: Olisipo, 1921 (vol. 1, 20 pp.; vol. 2, 16 pp., 24 cm)
35 Sonnets, Lisbon: Monteiro & Co., 1918 (20 pp., 20 cm)
Antinous: a poem, Lisbon: Monteiro & Co., 1918 (16 p., 20 cm)
The anarchist banker and other Portuguese stories. Carcanet Press, 1996. ISBN 978-1-8575420-6-6
Philosophical Essays: A Critical Edition. Edited with notes and introduction by Nuno Ribeiro. New York: Contra Mundum Press, 2012. ISBN 978-0-9836972-6-8
The Transformation Book — or Book of Tasks. Edited with notes and introduction by Nuno Ribeiro and Cláudia Souza. New York: Contra Mundum Press, 2014