資訊經濟學

資訊經濟學英語:),微观经济学中的分支。由美國經濟學家喬治·斯蒂格勒在1961年率先提出,他個人認為:產品資訊的內容會對經濟活動及消費者購買決策產生某部份的影響。

我們以最基本的產品價格資訊來看,市場上各家零售商對產品的價格不一,所以消費者為了追求最便宜的價格,會逐一比較各家的價格,以得出一個最低價格,而這個比價的動作我們稱為「搜尋」。消費者搜尋時,勢必會額外付出較多的時間及精力,因此消費者不會無限制的搜尋,而是到消費成本超過所預期獲得的利益(指最低價格的價差)時就會停止下來。當然消費者在進行搜尋的動作時,會付出額外的時間、精力及金錢,當消費者搜尋到一個程度時,我們稱為「邊際成本期望邊際效益」,這時消費者就不再繼續搜尋。搜尋過程的成本支出,對應所得到的資訊,檢測是否符合降低採購風險,提升採購的正確性,這就叫做「效益」,而邊際成本=期望邊際效益則就是成本效益的損益平衡點。

參見

參考文獻

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"Information technology and the world economy" by Dale W. Jorgenson and Khuong Vu. Abstract.
"Insider trading." by Andrew Metrick. Abstract.
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