軟珊瑚
軟珊瑚[1](学名:[2]),又名海雞冠目,非造礁珊瑚,不会产生碳酸钙骨架。共肉組織中含有鈣質骨針,可支撐珊瑚體。軟珊瑚一般生長在水流較急的海域,亦可在光照較弱的水深生長。大多有毒。
软珊瑚目 | |
---|---|
Cladiella sp. | |
科学分类 | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 刺胞動物門 Cnidaria |
纲: | 珊瑚綱 Anthozoa |
亚纲: | 八放珊瑚亚纲 Octocorallia |
目: | 软珊瑚目 Alcyonacea |
与石珊瑚不同,大多数软珊瑚在营养丰富光线较少的水域蓬勃生长。几乎所有品种利用共生光合作用作为一个主要的能源来源。但它们也能从水体中摄食自由漂浮的食物,如浮游动物等。它们是珊瑚礁生态系统的组成部分,为鱼、螺、藻类和其他多种海洋物种的提供栖息地。
亞目與科
- 軟珊瑚亞目 Alcyoniina
- family Acrophytidae McFadden & Ofwegen, 2017
- family Alcyoniidae Lamouroux, 1812
- family Aquaumbridae Breedy, van Ofwegen & Vargas, 2012
- family Corymbophytidae McFadden & Ofwegen, 2017
- family Leptophytidae McFadden & Ofwegen, 2017
- 穗珊瑚科 Nephtheidae Gray, 1862
- family Nidaliidae Gray, 1869
- family Paralcyoniidae Gray, 1869
- family Xeniidae Ehrenberg, 1828
- suborder Calcaxonia
- family Chrysogorgiidae Verrill, 1883
- family Ellisellidae Gray, 1859
- family Ifalukellidae Bayer, 1955
- family Isididae Lamouroux, 1812
- family Primnoidae Milne Edwards, 1857
- suborder Holaxonia
- 棘柳珊瑚科 AcanthogorgiideGray, 1859
- family Dendrobrachiidae Brook, 1889
- family Gorgoniidae Lamouroux, 1812
- family Keroeididae Kinoshita, 1910
- family Plexauridae Gray, 1859
- suborder Protoalcyonaria
- family Taiaroidae Bayer & Muzik, 1976
- suborder Scleraxonia
- family Anthothelidae Broch, 1916
- family Briareidae Gray, 1859
- family Coralliidae Lamouroux, 1812
- family Melithaeidae Gray, 1870
- family Paragorgiidae Kükenthal, 1916
- family Parisididae Aurivillius, 1931
- family Spongiodermidae Wright & Studer, 1889
- family Subergorgiidae Gray, 1859
- family Victorgorgiidae Moore, Alderslade & Miller, 2017
- suborder Stolonifera
- family Acrossotidae Bourne, 1914
- family Arulidae McFadden & van Ofwegen, 2012
- family Clavulariidae Hickson, 1894
- family Coelogorgiidae Bourne, 1900
- family Cornulariidae Dana, 1846
- family Pseudogorgiidae Utinomi & Harada, 1973
- family Tubiporidae Ehrenberg, 1828
- family Acanthoaxiidae van Ofwegen & McFadden, 2010
- family Haimeidae Wright, 1865
- family Paramuriceidae Bayer, 1956
- family Parasphaerascleridae McFadden & van Ofwegen, 2013
- family Viguieriotidae
圖庫
- Alcyonium acaule, an Alcyoniidae
- Dendronephthya hemprichi, a Nephtheidae
- Siphonogorgia godeffroyi, a Nidaliidae
- Maasella edwardsi, a Paralcyoniidae
- Heteroxenia fuscescens, a Xeniidae
- Iridigorgia sp., a Chrysogorgiidae
- Ellisella sp., an Ellisellidae
- Isidella tentaculum, an Isididae
- Plumarella pellucida, a Primnoidae
- Muricellasp., an Acanthogorgiidae
- Gorgonia ventalina, a Gorgoniidae
- Paramuricea clavata, a Paramuriceidae
- Muricea elongata, a Plexauridae
- Anthothela grandiflora, an Anthothelidae
- Briareum sp., a Briareidae
- 紅珊瑚, a Coralliidae
- Acabaria splendens, a Melithaeidae
- Paragorgia arborea, a Paragorgiidae
- Annella mollis, a Subergorgiidae
- Clavularia viridis, a Clavulariidae
- Cornularia cornucopiae, a Cornulariidae
- 笙珊瑚, a Tubiporidae
- Iciligorgia schrammi
參考文獻
- . [2019-11-20] (中文(繁體)).
- . [2019-11-20] (中文(简体)).
- WoRMS. . World Register of Marine Species. [2018-03-22].
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