车前属

车前属学名:)包括大约200植物,遍布全世界,有的品种本身就分布在世界各地,绝大部分为草本,也有少数品种是能长到60厘米高的灌木座生,但在近端变窄,形成假叶柄,有3-5条平行叶脉;茎上生有4-40厘米长的穗状或锥形花序,花小,风媒;种子小。

车前草属
大车前 Plantago major
科学分类
界: 植物界 Plantae
演化支 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支 真双子叶植物 Eudicots
演化支 菊类植物 Asterids
目: 唇形目 Lamiales
科: 玄參科 Plantaginaceae
族: 车前族 Plantagineae
属: 车前草属 Plantago
L., 1753
亚属
  • 车前亚属 Plantago
  • 臭荠亚属 Coronopus
  • 南美车前亚属 Bougeria
  • 印度车前亚属 Psyllium
  • 水车前亚属 Littorella

车前属药用做收敛剂,用于消毒、杀菌、消炎、止痛、祛痰、止血和利尿,外用将叶捣敷治疗蚊虫叮咬、烫伤、有毒植物蜇伤等,印度车前子种皮粉是良好的膳食纤维补充剂,并可治疗便秘。

车前属是否包括南美车前亚属和水车前亚属,在植物学分类上有一些不同的意见。[1]

主要品种:

  • Plantago afra
  • Plantago africana
  • Plantago aitchisonii
  • Plantago alpina
  • Plantago amplexicaulis
  • Plantago arachnoidea 蛛毛車前
  • Plantago arborescens
  • Plantago arenaria 對葉車前 - Branched Plantain
  • Plantago argentea
  • Plantago aristata 芒苞車前
  • Plantago asiatica 车前子
  • Plantago aucklandica
  • Plantago bigelovii
  • Plantago canescens
  • Plantago cavaleriei 尖萼車前
  • Plantago coreana
  • Plantago cordata
  • Plantago coronopus - Buckshorn Plantain
  • Plantago cornuti
  • Plantago cretica
  • Plantago cynops
  • Plantago erecta
  • Plantago eripoda
  • Plantago elongata
  • Plantago erosa
  • Plantago fernandezia
  • Plantago fischeri
  • Plantago gentianoides
  • Plantago glabrifolia
  • Plantago grayana
  • Plantago hawaiiensis
  • Plantago hedleyi
  • Plantago heterophylla
  • Plantago hillebrandii
  • Plantago himalaica
  • Plantago incisa
  • Plantago krajinai
  • Plantago lanceolata 长叶车前 - Ribwort Plantain
  • Plantago lanigera
  • Plantago longissima
  • Plantago macrocarpa
  • Plantago major 寬葉車前 - Greater Plantain, Common Plantain
  • Plantago maritima 沿海車前 - Sea Plantain
  • Plantago maxima 巨車前
  • Plantago media 北車前 - Hoary Plantain
  • Plantago melanochrous
  • Plantago moorei - Moore's Plantain
  • Plantago musicola
  • Plantago nivalis
  • Plantago nubicola (also known as Bougueria nubicola)
  • Plantago obconica
  • Plantago ovata - Blond Psyllium
  • Plantago pachyphylla
  • Plantago palmata
  • Plantago patagonica
  • Plantago polysperma 多籽車前
  • Plantago princeps
  • Plantago pusilla
  • Plantago psyllium - Sand Plantain, French or Dark Psyllium
  • Plantago raoulii
  • Plantago rapensis
  • Plantago remota
  • Plantago reniformis
  • Plantago robusta
  • Plantago rugelii - Blackseed Plantain
  • Plantago rupicola
  • Plantago schneideri
  • Plantago sempervirens
  • Plantago sparsiflora
  • Plantago subulata
  • Plantago spathulata
  • Plantago tanalensis
  • Plantago taqueti
  • Plantago tenuiflora 小花車前
  • Plantago triandra
  • Plantago triantha
  • Plantago tweedyi

注释

  1. Albach, D. C., Meudt, H. M. & Oxelman, B. 2005. Piecing together the "new" Plantaginaceae. American Journal of Botany 92: 297–315.

参考文献

  • Cho, Y.; Mower, J. P., Qiu, Y.-L. & Palmer, J. D. (2004). Mitochondrial substitution rates are extraodinarily elevated and variable in a genus of flowering plants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 101: 17741-17746
  • Dagar, J. C.; Kumar, Y. & Tomar, O. S. (2006). Cultivation of medicinal isabgol (Plantago ovata) in alkali soils in semiarid regions of northern India. Land Degradation and Development 17: 275-283
  • Rahn, K. (1996). A phylogenetic study of the Plantaginaceae. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 120: 145-198
  • Rønsted, N.; Chase, M. W.; Albach, D. C. & Bello, M. A. (2002). Phylogenetic relationships within Plantago (Plantaginaceae): evidence from nuclear ribosomal ITS and plastid TrnL-F sequence data. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 139: 323-338

外部链接

维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源:车前属
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