顎針蟻屬


顎針蟻屬 (Anochetus ) 主要棲息於熱帶及亞熱帶地區，少數幾種棲息於溫帶地區，具有觸發式大顎 (trap-jaw) ，肉食性[1][2]。姊妹群為鋸針蟻屬[3][4]，鋸針蟻屬和顎針蟻屬是鋸針蟻族下唯二的成員，Santos et al. (2010) 的研究支持鋸針蟻屬是由顎針蟻屬演化而來的假說[5]。

顎針蟻屬
化石时期：波尔多期–现代
PreЄ
Anochetus faurei worker
科学分类
界： 动物界 Animalia
门： 节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲： 昆虫纲 Insecta
目： 膜翅目 Hymenoptera
科： 蟻科 Formicidae
亚科： 針蟻亞科 Ponerinae
族： 鋸針蟻族 Odontomachini
属： 顎針蟻屬 Anochetus
模式种
Odontomachus ghilianii
(Spinola, 1851)
多样性
123 种
異名

Myrmapatetes Wheeler, 1929
Stenomyrmex Mayr, 1862

物種描述

具有細長並向前延伸的大顎，能夠打開至接近 180° ，能夠以極快的速度閉合大顎。體型小至中等 (2.9 mm ~ 12 mm)。體色通常較為黯淡，棕色、黑色、紅色、黃色，有些物種雙色。

與易混淆物種的辨別方式

與鋸針蟻屬

鋸針蟻屬的腹柄節頂端具有一齒，而顎針蟻屬的具有兩齒或呈圓滑狀[6]；鋸針蟻屬的頭部後方具有縫線，呈現倒 V 字形，有時候會稍微內凹，顎針蟻屬則呈現倒 U 字形[6]。

與瘤顎家蟻

在野外小型的顎針蟻常和瘤顎家蟻搞混，但瘤顎家蟻有兩節腹柄節，而顎針蟻只有一節。

地區性物種分布

中國和台灣地區共有8種[7]：

  • A. graeffei Mayr, 1870
  • A. lanyuensis Leong et al., 2018
  • A. longus Chen et al. 2019
  • A. madaraszi Mayr, 1897
  • A. mixtus Radchenko, 1993
  • A. medogensis Chen et al. 2019
  • A. risii Forel, 1900,
  • A. subcoecus Forel, 1912

物種列表

顎針蟻屬現生115種，已滅絕8種[8]。化石皆產於多明尼加琥珀[9][10][11]。

  • Anochetus africanus (Mayr, 1865)
  • Anochetus agilis Emery, 1901
  • Anochetus alae Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
  • Anochetus altisquamis Mayr, 1887
  • †Anochetus ambiguus De Andrade, 1994[12]
  • Anochetus angolensis Brown, 1978
  • Anochetus armstrongi McAreavey, 1949
  • Anochetus avius Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
  • Anochetus bequaerti Forel, 1913
  • Anochetus bispinosus (Smith, 1858)
  • Anochetus boltoni Fisher & Smith, 2008
  • †Anochetus brevidentatus MacKay, 1991[13]
  • Anochetus brevis Brown, 1978
  • Anochetus bytinskii Kugler & Ionescu, 2007
  • Anochetus cato Forel, 1901
  • Anochetus chirichinii Emery, 1897
  • Anochetus chocoensis Fernández, 2008
  • †Anochetus conisquamis De Andrade, 1994[12]
  • Anochetus consultans (Walker, 1859)
  • †Anochetus corayi Baroni Urbani, 1980[14]
  • Anochetus cryptus Bharti & Wachkoo, 2013
  • Anochetus daedalus
  • Anochetus diegensis Forel, 1912
  • †Anochetus dubius De Andrade, 1994[12]
  • Anochetus elegans Lattke, 1987
  • Anochetus emarginatus (Fabricius, 1804)
  • Anochetus evansi Crawley, 1922
  • †Anochetus exstinctus De Andrade, 1994[12]
  • Anochetus faurei Arnold, 1948
  • Anochetus filicornis (Wheeler, 1929)
  • Anochetus fricatus Wilson, 1959
  • Anochetus fuliginosus Arnold, 1948
  • Anochetus ghilianii (Spinola, 1851)
  • Anochetus gladiator (Mayr, 1862)
  • Anochetus goodmani Fisher & Smith, 2008
  • Anochetus graeffei Mayr, 1870
  • Anochetus grandidieri Forel, 1891
  • Anochetus haytianus Wheeler & Mann, 1914
  • Anochetus hohenbergiae Feitosa & Delabie, 2012
  • Anochetus horridus Kempf, 1964
  • Anochetus inca Wheeler, 1925
  • Anochetus incultus Brown, 1978
  • Anochetus ineditus Baroni Urbani, 1971
  • Anochetus inermis André, 1889
  • †Anochetus intermedius De Andrade, 1994[12]
  • Anochetus isolatus Mann, 1919
  • Anochetus jonesi Arnold, 1926
  • Anochetus kanariensis Forel, 1900
  • Anochetus katonae Forel, 1907
  • Anochetus kempfi Brown, 1978
  • Anochetus levaillanti Emery, 1895
  • Anochetus leyticus Zettel, 2012
  • Anochetus longifossatus Mayr, 1897
  • Anochetus longispinus Wheeler, 1936
  • †Anochetus lucidus De Andrade, 1994[12]
  • Anochetus madagascarensis Forel, 1887
  • Anochetus madaraszi Mayr, 1897
  • Anochetus maryatiae Nuril Aida & Idris, 2011
  • Anochetus maynei Forel, 1913
  • Anochetus mayri Emery, 1884
  • Anochetus menozzii Donisthorpe, 1941
  • Anochetus micans Brown, 1978
  • Anochetus minans Mann, 1922
  • Anochetus miserabilis González-Campero & Elizalde, 2008
  • Anochetus mixtus Radchenko, 1993
  • Anochetus modicus Brown, 1978
  • Anochetus muzziolii Menozzi, 1932
  • Anochetus myops Emery, 1893
  • Anochetus natalensis Arnold, 1926
  • Anochetus neglectus Emery, 1894
  • Anochetus nietneri (Roger, 1861)
  • Anochetus obscuratus Santschi, 1911
  • Anochetus obscurior Brown, 1978
  • Anochetus orchidicola Brown, 1978
  • Anochetus oriens Kempf, 1964
  • Anochetus orientalis André, 1887
  • Anochetus pangantihoni Zettel, 2012
  • Anochetus pangens (Walker, 1859)
  • Anochetus paripungens Brown, 1978
  • Anochetus pattersoni Fisher & Smith, 2008
  • Anochetus pellucidus [no authors], 1902
  • Anochetus peracer Brown, 1978
  • Anochetus princeps Emery, 1884
  • Anochetus pubescens Brown, 1978
  • Anochetus punctaticeps Mayr, 1901
  • Anochetus pupulatus Brown, 1978
  • Anochetus rectangularis Mayr, 1876
  • Anochetus renatae Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
  • Anochetus risii Forel, 1900
  • Anochetus rossi Donisthorpe, 1949
  • Anochetus rothschildi Forel, 1907
  • Anochetus rufolatus Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
  • Anochetus rufostenus Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
  • Anochetus rufus (Jerdon, 1851)
  • Anochetus ruginotus Stitz, 1925
  • Anochetus rugosus (Smith, 1857)
  • Anochetus schoedli Zettel, 2012
  • Anochetus sedilloti Emery, 1884
  • Anochetus seminiger Donisthorpe, 1943
  • Anochetus shohki Terayama, 1996
  • Anochetus simoni Emery, 1890
  • Anochetus siphneus Brown, 1978
  • Anochetus splendidulus Yasumatsu, 1940
  • Anochetus striatulus Emery, 1890
  • Anochetus strigatellus Brown, 1978
  • Anochetus subcoecus Forel, 1912
  • Anochetus taiwaniensis Terayama, 1989
  • Anochetus talpa Forel, 1901
  • Anochetus targionii Emery, 1894
  • Anochetus testaceus Forel, 1893
  • Anochetus traegaordhi Mayr, 1904
  • Anochetus tua Brown, 1978
  • Anochetus turneri Forel, 1900
  • Anochetus validus Bharti & Wachkoo, 2013
  • Anochetus vallensis Lattke, 1987
  • Anochetus variegatus Donisthorpe, 1938
  • Anochetus veronicae Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
  • Anochetus vexator Kempf, 1964
  • Anochetus victoriae Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
  • Anochetus werneri Zettel, 2012
  • Anochetus wiesiae Shattuck & Slipinska, 2012
  • Anochetus yerburyi Forel, 1900
  • Anochetus yunnanensis Wang, 1993

參考資料
  1. Schmidt, C. A; Shattuck, S. O. . Zootaxa. 2014, 3817 (1): 1–242. PMID 24943802. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3817.1.1.
  2. Brown Jr WL. . Studia Entomologica. 1978, 20: 549–638.
  3. Ouellette GD, Fisher BL and Girman D. . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2006, 40 (2): 359-369. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.03.017.
  4. Santos IS, Costa MA, Mariano CSF, Delebie JHC, Andrade-Souza V and Silva JG. . Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 2010, 103 (3): 424-429.
  5. Santos IS, Costa MA, Mariano CSF, Delebie JHC, Andrade-Souza V and Silva JG. . Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 2010, 103 (3): 424-429.
  6. Brown Jr. Willian L. . Studia Entomologica. 1976, 19: 66-171.
  7. Chen Z, Yang Z and Zhou S. . Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 2019, 68: 49-74. doi:10.3897/jhr.68.30784.
  8. Barry Bolton. . [2020-06-06]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-08）.
  9. Baroni Urbani C. . Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie). 1980, 55: 1-6.
  10. De Andrade ML. . Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie). 1994, 199: 1-28.
  11. MacKay WP. . Journal of the New York Entomological Society. 1991, 99: 138-140.
  12. De Andrade, M. L. . Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie). 1994, 199: 1–28.
  13. MacKay, W. P. . Journal of the New York Entomological Society. 1991, 99: 138–140.
  14. Baroni Urbani, C. . Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie). 1980, 55: 1–6.

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