針蟻亞科

針蟻亞科(Ponerinae)隸屬於蟻科針蟻亞科群(Poneromorph),約有47屬1600種,包含世界最大的螞蟻之一巨人恐針蟻(Dinoponera gigantea),在很多物種中,交配過的工蟻會取代蟻后,產下可完整發育的卵,在這些物種中,可以透過解剖卵巢來判斷是否為繁殖型工蟻。

針蟻亞科
化石时期:Turonian-Recent
PreЄ
Fighting Harpegnathos saltator
科学分类
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲: 昆虫纲 Insecta
目: 膜翅目 Hymenoptera
科: 蟻科 Formicidae
亚科: 針蟻亞科 Ponerinae
Lepeletier, 1835
模式属
Ponera
Latreille, 1804
多样性[1]
59屬

最容易的鑑定方式就是觀察腹垂節是否隘縮[2]

  • Platythyreini Emery, 1901
    • Platythyrea Roger, 1863
  • 針蟻族 Ponerini Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835
    • 顎針蟻屬 Anochetus Mayr, 1861
    • Archiponera Carpenter, 1930
    • Asphinctopone Santschi, 1914
    • 澳針蟻屬 Austroponera Schmidt & Shattuck, 2014
    • Belonopelta Mayr, 1870
    • Boloponera Fisher, 2006
    • Bothroponera Mayr, 1862
    • Brachyponera Emery, 1900
    • Buniapone Schmidt & Shattuck, 2014
    • 盲針蟻屬 Centromyrmex Mayr, 1866
    • Cephalopone Dlussky & Wedmann, 2012[3]
    • 隱針蟻屬 Cryptopone Emery, 1893
    • Cyrtopone Dlussky & Wedmann, 2012[3]
    • 雙稜針蟻屬 Diacamma Mayr, 1862
    • 恐針蟻屬 Dinoponera Roger, 186
    • Dolioponera Brown, 1974
    • Ectomomyrmex Mayr, 1867
    • 艾氏針蟻屬 Emeryopone Forel, 1912
    • Euponera Forel, 1891
    • Feroponera Bolton & Fisher, 2008
    • Fisheropone Schmidt & Shattuck, 2014
    • Hagensia Forel, 1901
    • 掠針蟻屬 Harpegnathos Jerdon, 1851
    • 姬針蟻屬 Hypoponera Santschi, 1938
    • Iroponera Schmidt & Shattuck, 2014
    • 細顎針蟻屬 Leptogenys Roger, 1861
    • 狼針蟻屬 Loboponera Bolton & Brown, 2002
    • Mayaponera Schmidt & Shattuck, 2014
    • 巨針蟻屬 Megaponera Mayr, 1862
    • 中針蟻屬 Mesoponera Emery, 1900
    • Messelepone Dlussky & Wedmann, 2012[3]
      Messelepone leptogenoides male
    • Myopias Roger, 1861
    • 新針蟻屬 Neoponera Emery, 1901
    • 鋸針蟻屬 Odontomachus Latreille, 1804
    • 齒針蟻屬 Odontoponera Mayr, 1862
    • Ophthalmopone Forel, 1890
    • 粗針蟻屬 Pachycondyla Smith, 1858
    • Paltothyreus Mayr, 1862
    • Parvaponera Schmidt & Shattuck, 2014
    • Phrynoponera Wheeler, 1920
    • Plectroctena Smith, 1858
    • 針蟻屬 Ponera Latreille, 1804
    • Promyopias Santschi, 1914
    • †原針蟻屬 †Protopone Dlussky, 1988[3]
    • Psalidomyrmex André, 1890
    • 擬新針蟻屬 Pseudoneoponera Donisthorpe, 1943
    • 擬針蟻屬 Pseudoponera Emery, 1900
    • Rasopone Schmidt & Shattuck, 2014
    • Simopelta Mann, 1922
    • Streblognathus Mayr, 1862
    • 奇顎針蟻屬 Thaumatomyrmex Mayr, 1887
  • 地位未定 incertae sedis
    • Afropone Dlussky, Brothers & Rasnitsyn, 2004
    • Eogorgites Hong, 2002
    • Eoponerites Hong, 2002
    • Furcisutura Hong, 2002
    • Longicapitia Hong, 2002
    • Ponerites Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2003
    • Taphopone Dlussky & Perfilieva, 2014

參考文獻

  1. Bolton, B. . AntCat. 2015 [9 January 2015].
  2. Hoffman, Donald R. "Ant venoms" Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2010, vol. 10, pages 342-346. doi:10.1097/ACI.0b013e328339f325
  3. Dlussky, G.M.; Wedmann, S. . Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 2012, 10 (4): 725–753. doi:10.1080/14772019.2011.628341.  via Taylor & Francis

外部連結

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