马三奇 (人物)

马三奇（東干語：，俄語：，1886年－1937年）是苏联东干族的共产主义革命家和政治家。[1] 前布尔什维克黨員。 后在大清洗中被斯大林迫害。哈萨克斯坦江布爾州下轄的卡拉庫努孜村改名为马三奇来纪念他。

马三奇

职业生涯

他出生在阿拉木图一个普通农场工人家庭。[2][3]

在俄国内战时期，共产党人有有意寻求非俄罗斯的中亚人民支持。东干人于是被邀请来加入苏联红军。[4]

居住在镇上的东干人在沙皇军队中服役后回到比什凯克，再加入了苏联红军，在七河地区为苏联作战。然而，东干人中的农民在内战中对双方都漠不关心，据报道布尔什维克对中亚土著居民犯下了暴行，而富有的东干人和伊斯兰教的东干教士却站在白人一边，对同胞被杀漠不关心。[5]

马三奇最初作为俄罗斯帝国军队的一员参加了第一次世界大战。沙皇被推翻后，他去了塔什干。[6]

马三奇曾指挥过苏联红军的东干骑兵团，并因在哈萨克斯坦与反革命分子作战而闻名。[7][8]马三奇曾与德米特里·安德烈耶维奇·富尔马诺夫一起为苏联而战。[9]内战结束后，他成为乌兹别克斯坦和哈萨克斯坦的一名官员。[10]

1921年参加共产国际第三次代表大会后，马三奇与巴斯玛奇运动进行了斗争。他也是苏联秘密警察的一员。[11]

马三奇是一个斯大林大清洗的受害者[12] ，后被平反。[13]

参考文献
  1. Joseph L. Wieczynski. . Academic International Press. 1994: 125 [2011-01-01]. ISBN 0-87569-064-5. （原始内容存档于2017-07-28）.
  2. Borys Lewytzkyj. . Hoover Institution Press. 1974: 493 [2011-01-01]. ISBN 0-8179-1261-4.
  3. Joseph L. Wieczynski. . Academic International Press. 1994: 125 [2011-01-01]. ISBN 0-87569-064-5. （原始内容存档于2017-06-19）.
  4. Central Asian Research Centre (London, England), St. Antony's College (University of Oxford). Soviet Affairs Study Group. . Published by the Central Asian Research Centre in association with the Soviet Affairs Study Group, St. Antony's College, Oxford. 1968: 251 [2011-01-01]. （原始内容存档于2018-08-01）.
  5. Central Asian Research Centre (London, England), St. Antony's College (University of Oxford). Soviet Affairs Study Group. . Published by the Central Asian Research Centre in association with the Soviet Affairs Study Group, St. Antony's College, Oxford. 1968: 251 [2011-01-01].
  6. Joseph L. Wieczynski. . Academic International Press. 1994: 125 [2011-01-01]. ISBN 0-87569-064-5. （原始内容存档于2017-06-19）.
  7. Central Asian Research Centre (London, England), St. Antony's College (University of Oxford). Soviet Affairs Study Group. . Published by the Central Asian Research Centre in association with the Soviet Affairs Study Group, St. Antony's College, Oxford. 1968: 250 [2011-01-01]. （原始内容存档于2013-06-22）.
  8. Rais Abdulkhakovich Tuzmukhamedov. . Progress Publishers. 1973: 74 [2011-01-01].
  9. Joint Committee on Slavic Studies, American Council of Learned Societies, Social Science Research Council (U.S.), American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies. . American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies. 1968: 35 [2011-01-01].
  10. Central Asian Research Centre (London, England), St. Antony's College (University of Oxford). Soviet Affairs Study Group. . Published by the Central Asian Research Centre in association with the Soviet Affairs Study Group, St. Antony's College, Oxford. 1968: 250 [2011-01-01].
  11. Joseph L. Wieczynski. . Academic International Press. 1994: 125 [2011-01-01]. ISBN 0-87569-064-5. （原始内容存档于2013-05-27）.
  12. Borys Lewytzkyj. . Hoover Institution Press. 1974: 493 [2011-01-01]. ISBN 0-8179-1261-4.
  13. Central Asian Research Centre (London, England), St. Antony's College (University of Oxford). Soviet Affairs Study Group. . Published by the Central Asian Research Centre in association with the Soviet Affairs Study Group, St. Antony's College, Oxford. 1968: 250 [2011-01-01].
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