2012年夏季奧林匹克運動會射擊比賽 - 資格賽

國家男子女子總數
FR 3x40FR 60PRAR 60FPRFPAP 60TR 125DT 150SK 125STR 3x20AR 40SPAP 40TR 75SK 75名額運動員
 阿尔巴尼亚111
 阿尔及利亚111
 安道尔111
 亚美尼亚111
 阿根廷222
 21112121112111717
 奥地利111144
 阿塞拜疆111
 巴林111
 111
 白俄罗斯211121199
 比利时111
 不丹111
 玻利维亚111
 波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那111
 巴西1122
 保加利亚11244
 加拿大1122
 智利111
 中国112222122222112323
 哥伦比亚111
 克罗地亚112155
 古巴111144
 塞浦路斯2133
 捷克1222211010
 丹麦12255
 111
 厄瓜多尔111
 埃及11121177
 萨尔瓦多111
 爱沙尼亚111
 斐济111
 芬兰111144
 法国112111122111414
 111
 德国11221112211111717
 英国1112211111111
 希腊2133
 危地马拉1122
 洪都拉斯111
 中国香港111
 匈牙利11133
 冰岛111
 印度1121111211111
 印度尼西亚111
 伊朗1233
 伊拉克111
 爱尔兰111
 以色列111
 意大利2212222111515
 日本111144
 11133
 111
 科威特111144
 拉脱维亚111
 黎巴嫩111
 立陶宛111
 卢森堡111
 马来西亚111
 马耳他111
 墨西哥111144
 摩尔多瓦111
 蒙古1122
 111
 摩洛哥111
 缅甸111
 纳米比亚111
 尼泊尔111
 荷兰111
 新西兰111
 朝鲜111
 挪威2111166
 阿曼111
 巴基斯坦111
 秘鲁111
 菲律宾111
 波兰21144
 葡萄牙1122
 波多黎各111
 11133
 罗马尼亚1122
 南非111
 俄罗斯212121221222112222
 圣马力诺111
 沙特阿拉伯111
 塞尔维亚111111288
 新加坡111
 斯洛伐克111111177
 斯洛文尼亚11133
 韩国2121121211313
 西班牙111211188
 斯里兰卡111
 瑞典12144
 瑞士111111177
 叙利亚111
 中华台北2133
 111
 泰国12144
 特立尼达和多巴哥111
 突尼斯111
 土耳其211155
 乌克兰111211188
 阿拉伯联合酋长国11133
 美国22112222211112020
 乌拉圭111
 111
 委内瑞拉111
 越南1122
Total: 108 NOCs-----------------

Qualification timeline

EventDateVenue
2010 ISSF World Shooting ChampionshipsJul 29 - Aug 11, 2010 Munich
2010 American Continental ChampionshipsNov 18–28, 2010 Rio de Janeiro
2011 ISSF World Cup # 1March 1–10, 2011 Concepcion
2011 ISSF World Cup # 2March 21–30, 2011 Sydney
2011 ISSF World Cup # 3April 11–19, 2011 Changwon
2011 ISSF World Cup # 4April 19–28, 2011 Beijing
2011 ISSF World Cup # 5May 14–22, 2011 Fort Benning
2011 African Continental Championships Shotgun eventsMay 25– June 3, 2011 Rabat
2011 ISSF World Cup # 6June 16–23, 2011 Munich
2011 ISSF World Cup # 7July 7–17, 2011 Maribor
2011 European Shooting ChampionshipsJul 31– Aug 14, 2011 Belgrade
2011 ISSF World Shotgun ChampionshipsSep 3 – Sep 14, 2011 Belgrade
2011 Pan American GamesOct 15–23, 2011 Guadalajara
2011 African Continental Championships, Rifle and Pistol eventsOct 15-25, 2011 Cairo*
2011 Oceania Continental ChampionshipsNov 27– Dec 4, 2011 Sydney
2012 Asian Continental ChampionshipsJan 11–22, 2012 Doha
2012 European Continental Championships 10 M eventsFeb 14–20, 2012 Vierumäki

* This event was scheduled for February, but has been postponed due to the current unrest in Egypt.

50 m rifle 3 positions men

[1]

EventQuota PlacesQualified AthleteAnnounced Competitor
Host Nation 英国
2010 World Championships 法国Cyril Graff
 俄罗斯Konstantin Prikhodtchenko
 韩国Han Jin-Seop
 韩国Kim Jong-Hyun
 塞尔维亚Nemanja Mirosavljev
American Continental Championships 美国Joseph Hein
2011 ISSF World Cup # 2 斯洛伐克Jozef Gonci
 奥地利Thomas Farnik
2011 ISSF World Cup # 3 印度Sanjeev Rajput Sanjeev Rajput
 挪威Ole Kristian Bryhn
2011 ISSF World Cup # 5 瑞士Simon Beyeler
 俄罗斯Alexei Kamenskiy
2011 ISSF World Cup # 6 中国Lan Xing
 挪威Ole Magnus Bakken
2011 European Championships 白俄罗斯尤里·舒拉邦茲維奇
 克罗地亚Bojan Durkovic
 白俄罗斯Vitali Bubnovich
 德国Daniel Brodmeier
2011 Pan American Games 美国Jason Parker
2011 African Championship 埃及Amgad Hosen
2011 Oceania Continental Championships Christopher Gulvin
2012 Asian Championship 印度Imran Hasan Khan
Re-allocation of unused quota 波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那
TOTAL

50 m rifle prone men

[1]

EventQuota PlacesQualified AthleteAnnounced Competitor
Host Nation 英国
2010 World Championships 白俄罗斯Sergei Martynov
 法国Valerian Sauveplane
 印度Hariom Singh Joydeep Karmakar
 挪威Vebjoern Beg
 美国Matthew Emmons
American Continental Championships 阿根廷Juan Diego Angeloni
2011 ISSF World Cup # 2 中国Wang Weiyi
 美国Eric Uptagrafft
2011 ISSF World Cup # 3 韩国Choi Young-Jeon
 德国Maik Eckhardt
2011 ISSF World Cup # 5 德国Henri Junghaenel
 奥地利Christian Planer
2011 ISSF World Cup # 6[2] 丹麦 Kenneth Nielsen
 瑞士Marcel Buerge
European Continental Championships 斯洛文尼亚Rajmond Debevec
 俄罗斯Artem Khadjibekov
 西班牙Javier López
2011 Pan American Games 阿根廷Alex Suligoy
2011 Oceania Continental Championships Dane Kevin Sampson
 Warren Potent
2012 Asian Championships 日本Midori Yajima
 韩国Lee Hyun-Tae
Re-allocation of unused quota 比利时
 斯里兰卡Mangala Samarakoon[3]
TOTAL

10 m air rifle men

[1]

EventQuota PlacesQualified AthleteAnnounced Competitor
2010 World Championships 中国Zhu Qinan
 匈牙利Peter Sidi
 印度Gagan Narang Gagan Narang
 意大利Niccolo Campriani
 意大利馬可·德尼可羅
 俄罗斯Denis Sokolov
American Continental Championships 美国Matthew Rawlings
 加拿大Cory Niefer
2011 ISSF World Cup # 2 法国Pierre Edmond Piasecki
 挪威Are Hansen
 中国Wang Tao
2011 ISSF World Cup # 3 以色列Sergey Richter
 乌克兰Artur Ayvazyan
 法国Jeremy Monnier
2011 ISSF World Cup # 5 荷兰Peter Hellenbrand
 罗马尼亚Alin George Moldoveanu
 俄罗斯謝爾蓋·卡緬斯基
2011 ISSF World Cup # 6[4] 保加利亚Anton Rizov
 印度Abhinav Bindra Abhinav Bindra
 德国Tino Mohaupt
2011 Pan American Games 美国Jonathan Hall
2011 African Championship 埃及Mohamed Abdellah
2011 Oceania Continental Championships William Godward
2012 Asian Championships[5] Ruslan Ismailov
 蒙古Bayara Nyantai
2012 European Continental Championships 10 M events 克罗地亚Petar Gorša
 白俄罗斯Illia Charheika
 瑞士Pascal Loretan
 捷克Ondřej Rozsypal
TOTAL

50 m pistol men

[1]

EventQuota PlacesQualified AthleteAnnounced Competitor
2010 World Championships 日本Tomoyuki Matsuda
 Vyacheslav Podlensnyy
 韩国Lee Dae-Myung
 塞尔维亚Andrija Zlatic
American Continental Championships 美国Jason Turner
2011 ISSF World Cup # 2 意大利Francesco Bruno
 中国Pang Wei
2011 ISSF World Cup # 3 俄罗斯Leonid Ekimov
 韩国Kim Yeong-Koo
2011 ISSF World Cup # 5 中国Wu Xiao
 斯洛伐克Pavol Kopp
2011 ISSF World Cup # 6 意大利Giuseppe Giordano
 白俄罗斯Andrei Kazak
European Continental Championships 瑞士Lukas Grunder
 俄罗斯Vladimir Isakov
 法国 Frank Dumoulin
2011 Pan American Games 危地马拉Sergio Sanchez
2012 Asian Championships Oleg Engachev
 泰国Jakkrit Panichpatikum
Tripartite Commission Invitation 
Re-allocation of unused quota 特立尼达和多巴哥
TOTAL

25 m rapid fire pistol men

[1]

EventQuota PlacesQualified AthleteAnnounced Competitor
2010 World Championships 俄罗斯Alexei Klimov
 中国Zhang Jian
American Continental Championships 古巴萊烏里斯·普波
2011 ISSF World Cup # 2 捷克Martin Podhrasky
 俄罗斯Viatcheslav Kalioujnyi
2011 ISSF World Cup # 3 美国Keith Sanderson
 西班牙Jorge Llames
2011 ISSF World Cup # 5 德国Christian Reitz
 印度Vijay Kumar Vijay Kumar
2011 ISSF World Cup # 6[6] 德国Ralf Schumann
 美国 Emil Milev
2011 European Championship 乌克兰Roman Bondaruk
 捷克Martin Strnad
2011 African Championship 埃及Mahmud Taha
2011 Oceania Continental Championships Bruce Quick
2012 Asian Championships 中国Yuehong Li
 韩国Dang Kyu Jang
Re-allocation of unused quota 拉脱维亚
TOTAL

10 m air pistol men

[1]

EventQuota PlacesQualified AthleteAnnounced Competitor
2010 World Championships 韩国Jong Oh Jin
 葡萄牙Joan Costa
 俄罗斯 Sergey Chervyakovskiy
 塞尔维亚Damir Mikec
 土耳其Yusuf Dikec
American Continental Championships 美国Brian Beaman
2011 ISSF World Cup # 2 乌克兰Oleg Omelchuk
 中国Zhang Tian
 斯洛伐克Juraj Tuzinsky
2011 ISSF World Cup # 3 法国Walter Lapeyre
 塞尔维亚 Dimitrije Grgić
 白俄罗斯Kanstantsin Lukashyk
2011 ISSF World Cup # 5 芬兰Kai Jahnsson
 德国 Florian Schmidt
 西班牙Pablo Carrera
2011 ISSF World Cup # 6 俄罗斯Denis Koulakov
 亚美尼亚Norayr Bakhtamyan
 伊朗Ebrahim Barkhordari
2011 Pan American Games 美国Daryl Szarenski
2011 African Championship 埃及Karim Wagih
2011 Oceania Continental Championships Daniel Repacholi
2012 Asian Championships 中国Wang Zhiwei
 越南Hoang Xuan Vinh
2012 European Continental Championships 10 M events 白俄罗斯Vladislav Kocarenko
 意大利Luca Tesconi
 瑞士Patrick Scheuber
 土耳其Ismail Keleş
Tripartite Commission Invitation 缅甸
Re-allocation of unused quota 阿尔巴尼亚
 阿尔及利亚
TOTAL

Trap men

[1]

EventQuota PlacesQualified AthleteAnnounced Competitor
Host Nation 英国
2010 World Championships 中国Li Yajun
 捷克Jiri Liptak
 意大利Giovanni Pellielo
 俄罗斯Alexey Alipov
 西班牙Alberto Fernández
2010 American Continental Championships Sergio Pinero
 危地马拉Jean Pierre Cardenas
2011 ISSF World Cup # 1 土耳其Oguzhan Tuzun
 俄罗斯Pavel Gurkin
2011 ISSF World Cup # 2 意大利Rodolfo Viganò
 德国Stefan Rüttgeroth
2011 ISSF World Cup # 4 克罗地亚Giovanni Cernogoraz
 捷克Jiri Gach
2010 African Continental Championships 埃及Ahmed Zaher
2011 ISSF World Cup # 7 西班牙Jesús Serrano
 Michael Diamond
2011 European Championships 斯洛伐克Erik Varga
 斯洛文尼亚Bostjan Macek
 克罗地亚Anton Glasnovic
 奥地利Andreas Scherhaufer
 白俄罗斯Andrei Kavalenka
2011 World Shotgun Championships 法国Stephane Clamens
2011 Pan American Games 哥伦比亚Danilo Caro
2011 Oceania Continental Championships 斐济Glenn Kable
 Matthew Stokes
2012 Asian Continental Championships 印度Manavjit Singh Sandhu Manavjit Singh Sandhu
 科威特Talal Alrahidi
 Rashid Al-Athba
 阿拉伯联合酋长国Dhaher Alaryani
Re-allocation of unused quota 安道尔
 玻利维亚
 爱尔兰
TOTAL

Double trap men

[1]

EventQuota PlacesQualified AthleteAnnounced Competitor
2010 World Championships 中国Hu Binyuan
 俄罗斯Vasily Mosin
 美国Joshua Richmond
2010 American Continental Championships 巴西Filipe Fuzaro
2011 ISSF World Cup # 1 俄罗斯Vitaly Fokeev
 英国Peter Robert Russell Wilson
2011 ISSF World Cup # 2 英国Richard Faulds
 意大利Francesco D'Aniello
2011 ISSF World Cup # 4 马耳他William Chetcuti
 印度Ronjan Sodhi Ronjan Sodhi
2010 African Continental Championships 南非Alistair Davis
2011 ISSF World Cup # 7 匈牙利Richard Bognar
 意大利Daniele Di Spigno
2011 European Championships 瑞典Hakan Dahlby
2011 World Shotgun Championships 中国Li Jun
2011 Oceania Continental Championships Russel Mark
2012 Asian Championships 阿拉伯联合酋长国Juma Almaktoum
 科威特Fehald Aldeehani
Exchange of Quota Places 美国
Tripartite Commission Invitation 阿曼
Re-allocation of unused quota 波多黎各
TOTAL

Skeet men

[1]

EventQuota PlacesQualified AthleteAnnounced Competitor
Host Nation 英国
2010 World Championships 塞浦路斯Georgios Achilleos
 俄罗斯Valeriy Shomin
 意大利Ennio Falco
 塞浦路斯Antonakis Andreou
 美国文森特·漢考克
2010 American Continental Championships 美国法蘭克·湯普森
 墨西哥Javier Rodriguez
2011 ISSF World Cup # 1 捷克Jan Sychra
 挪威Tore Brovold
2011 ISSF World Cup # 2 意大利Luigi Lodde
 英国Richard Brickell
2011 ISSF World Cup # 4 希腊Nikolas Mavrommatis
 丹麦Jesper Hansen
2010 African Continental Championships 埃及阿茲米·梅赫巴
2011 ISSF World Cup # 7 丹麦Anders Golding
 希腊Efthimios Mitas
2011 European Championships 法国Eric Delaunay
 德国Tino Wenzel
 捷克Jakub Tomecek
 瑞典Marcus Svensson
 瑞典Stefan Nilsson
2011 World Shotgun Championships 西班牙Juan José Aramburu
2011 Pan American Games 古巴Guillermo Torres
2011 Oceania Continental Championships Paul Adams
 Clive Barton
2012 Asian Championships 阿拉伯联合酋长国Saeed Almaktoum
 科威特Abdullah Alrashidi
 Nasser Al-Attiyah
 韩国Kwang Soo Cho
Exchange of Quota Places 埃及
Re-allocation of unused quota 沙特阿拉伯
 巴基斯坦
 秘鲁
 菲律宾
TOTAL

50 m rifle 3 positions women

[1]

EventQuota PlacesQualified AthleteAnnounced Competitor
2010 World Championships 乌克兰Natalia Kalnysh
 美国Jamie Beyerle
 瑞士Annik Marguet
 德国Barbara Lechner
 德国Sonja Pfeilschifter
2010 American Continental Championships 美国Sandra Fong
 墨西哥Alexis G Martinez
2011 ISSF World Cup # 2 波兰Sylwia Bogacka
 法国Laurence Brize
2011 ISSF World Cup # 3 中国Li Peijing
 法国Emilie Evesque
2011 ISSF World Cup # 5 乌克兰Dariya Sharipova
 塞尔维亚Andrea Arsovic
2011 ISSF World Cup # 6 中国Wan Xiangyan
 斯洛伐克Daniela Peskova
2011 European Championship 俄罗斯Liubov Galkina
 爱沙尼亚Anžela Voronova
 俄罗斯Tatyana Yushkova
 芬兰Marjo Yli-Kiikka
2011 Pan American Games 古巴Dianelys Perez
2011 African Championship 南非Esmari van Reenen
2011 Oceania Continental Championships Robyn Van Nus
2012 Asian Championships Olga Dovgun
 韩国Gyungsuk Jeong
 韩国Mi Ra Jeong
Exchange of Quota Places 
Re-allocation of unused quota 巴林
TOTAL

10 m air rifle women

[1]

EventQuota PlacesQualified AthleteAnnounced Competitor
Host Nation 英国
2010 World Championships 中国Yi Siling
 中国Wu Liuxi
 意大利Elania Nardelli
 伊朗Mahlagha Jambozorg
 德国Beate Gauss
 德国Jessica Mager
2010 American Continental Championships 古巴Eglis Yaima Cruz
 墨西哥Rosa Pena Rocamontes
2011 ISSF World Cup # 2 克罗地亚Snjezana Pejcic
 伊朗Elaheh Ahmadi
 乌克兰Darya Tykhova
2011 ISSF World Cup # 3 美国Sarah Scherer
 波兰Agnieszka Nagay
 塞尔维亚Ivana Maksimovic
2011 ISSF World Cup # 5 意大利Petra Zublasing
 丹麦Stine Nielsen
 奥地利Stephanie Obermoser
2011 ISSF World Cup # 6[7] 捷克Katerina Emmons
 捷克Adela Sykorova
 丹麦Anette Jensen
2011 Pan American Games 美国Emily Caruso
2011 African Championship 埃及諾罕·阿邁爾
2011 Oceania Continental Championship 新西兰Jenna Mackenzie
2012 Asian Championships[8] 科威特Maryam Arzouqi
 马来西亚Nur Suryani Mohd Taibi
2012 European Continental Championships 10 M events 斯洛文尼亚Živa Dvoršak
 挪威Marte Torvik
 波兰Paula Wrońska
 保加利亚Petya Lukanova
Exchange of Quota Places 
 俄罗斯
Tripartite Commission Invitation 
 不丹
Re-allocation of unused quota 厄瓜多尔
 萨尔瓦多
 卢森堡
 新加坡
 叙利亚
 
TOTAL

25 m pistol women

[1]

EventQuota PlacesQualified AthleteAnnounced Competitor
2010 World Championships 俄罗斯Yuliya Alipova
 俄罗斯Kira Mozgalova
 西班牙Sonia Franquet
 日本Yukari Mori
 朝鲜Yong Suk Jo
2010 American Continental Championships 巴西Ana Luiza Mello
2011 ISSF World Cup # 2 中国Yuan Jing
 保加利亚Antoaneta Boneva
2011 ISSF World Cup # 3 中国Chen Ying
 德国Munkhbayar Dorjsuren
2011 ISSF World Cup # 5 蒙古Otryad Gundegma
 印度Rahi SarnobatRahi Sarnobat
2011 ISSF World Cup # 6 保加利亚Mariya Grozdeva
 匈牙利Zsofia Csonka
2011 European Championships 瑞士海蒂·迪特尔姆·戈贝尔
 英国Georgina Geikie
 阿塞拜疆Irada Ashumova
2011 Pan American Games 美国Sandra Uptagrafft
2011 Oceania Continental Championship Chloe Esposito
2012 Asian Championships 泰国Naphaswan Yangpaiboon
 越南Le Thi Hoang Ngoc
 泰国Tanyaporn Prucksakorn
Exchange of Quota Places 印度Heena Sidhu
 韩国
TOTAL

10 m air pistol women

[1]

EventQuota PlacesQualified AthleteAnnounced Competitor
2010 World Championships Lalita Yauhleuskaya
 白俄罗斯Viktoria Chaika
 中国Su Yuling
 捷克Lenka Maruskova
 芬兰Mira Suhonen
 塞尔维亚Zorana Arunovic
2010 American Continental Championships 墨西哥Alejandra Zavala
2011 ISSF World Cup # 2 Nino Salukvadze
 乌克兰Olena Kostevych
 中华台北Tien Chia Chen
2011 ISSF World Cup # 3 中国Sun Qi
 韩国Minjin Park
 Dina Aspandiyarova
2011 ISSF World Cup # 5 印度Annu Raj Singh
 法国Celine Goberville
 希腊Athina Douka
2011 ISSF World Cup # 6 法国 Stephanie Tirode
 俄罗斯 Liubov Yaskevich
 波兰 Beata Bartkow Kwiatkowska
2011 Pan American Games 加拿大Dorothy Ludwig
2011 African Championship 突尼斯Olfa Charni
2012 Asian Shooting Championships 韩国 Jang Mi Kim
 中华台北Ai Wen Yu
2012 European Continental Championships 10 M events 塞尔维亚Bobana Veličković
 德国Claudia Verdicchio-Krause
 俄罗斯Galina Orlovskaya
 葡萄牙Joana Castelão
Tripartite Commission Invitation 洪都拉斯
 伊拉克
Re-allocation of unused quota 中国香港
 摩尔多瓦
 委内瑞拉
TOTAL

Trap women

[1]

EventQuota PlacesQualified AthleteAnnounced Competitor
Host Nation 英国
2010 World Championships 斯洛伐克Zuzana Stefecekova
 意大利Jessica Rossi
 中国Liu Yingzi
2010 American Continental Championships 美国Corey Cogdell
2011 ISSF World Cup # 1 圣马力诺Alessandra Perilli
 西班牙Fátima Gálvez
2011 ISSF World Cup # 2 韩国Soyeon Eom
 土耳其Nihan Kantarci
2011 ISSF World Cup # 4 中华台北Yi Chun Lin
 芬兰Satu Mäkelä-Nummela
2011 African Championship 纳米比亚Gaby Diana Ahrens
2011 ISSF World Cup # 7 法国Delphine Racinet
 德国Katrin Quooss
2011 European Championship 俄罗斯Elena Tkach
2011 World Shotgun Championship 印度Shagun Chowdhary
2011 Oceania Continental Championships Laetisha Scanlan
2012 Asian Championships 日本Yukie Nakayama
Re-allocation of unused quota 黎巴嫩
 立陶宛
 摩洛哥
TOTAL

Skeet women

[1]

EventQuota PlacesQualified AthleteAnnounced Competitor
Host Nation 英国
2010 World Championships 斯洛伐克Danka Bartekova
 中国Wei Ning
 美国Kimberly Rhode
2010 American Continental Championships 智利弗兰西斯卡·克罗韦托
2011 ISSF World Cup # 1 意大利Chiara Cainero
 俄罗斯Marina Ezhova
2011 ISSF World Cup # 2 瑞典Therese Lundqvist
 Lauryn Mark
2011 ISSF World Cup # 4 德国Christina Wenzel
 泰国Sutiya Jewchaloemmit
2011 African Championship 埃及Mona Elhawary
2011 ISSF World Cup # 7 塞浦路斯Panayiota Andreou
 法国Veronique Girardet
2011 European Championship 土耳其Cigdem Ozyaman
2011 World Shotgun Championship 罗马尼亚Lucia Liliana Mihalache
2012 Asian Championships Angelina Michshuk
TOTAL

参考资料

  1. . [2012-06-04]. (原始内容存档于2014-04-05).
  2. . ISSF. 21 June 2011 [22 June 2011]. (原始内容存档于2011-09-26).
  3. . [2012-06-04]. (原始内容存档于2012-05-01).
  4. . ISSF. 18 June 2011 [18 June 2011]. (原始内容存档于2011-09-26).
  5. . ISSF. 18 January 2012 [18 January 2012]. (原始内容存档于2014-02-21).
  6. http://www.issf-shooting.com/news.ashx?newsid=1515 页面存档备份,存于 25M RAPID FIRE GERMAN PISTOLS SHOOTERS TRIUMPHED IN MUNICH
  7. http://www.issf-shooting.org/news.ashx?newsid=1511 页面存档备份,存于 [10M AIR RIFLE WOMEN: GOLD TO CHINA, SILVER AND BRONZE TO CZECH]
  8. . [2012-06-04]. (原始内容存档于2012-08-30).
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