2016年冰島議會選舉
2016年冰島议会選舉定於2016年10月29日舉行，由於較早時發生的2016年冰島反政府示威而令執政聯盟宣布提前舉行大選[2][3]。
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全体议会全部63席 獲得絕對多數需32席 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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選舉制度
冰岛议会63個議席採用封閉式名單比例代表制在多議席選區選出8至13個席位[4]，當中54席採選區選舉的結果並使用漢狄法確定；餘下9席則分配予全國總得票率達到5%選舉門檻的政黨，以使其所得議席總數更接近其全國得票率[4]。
背景
2016年4月巴拿馬文件揭露莫萨克·冯赛卡律师行一批機密文件，其中包括总理西格蒙杜尔·戴维·贡劳格松和他的妻子的金融交易，使在野黨要求提前大選[5]並提出不信任动议；同時有大規模抗議要求總理辭職。雖然西格蒙杜爾·戴維曾表示不會辭職，但最終於4月5日下台，然而總理辦公室之後表示他只是暫時離開職務[6][7][5][8][9]，西于聚尔·英伊·约翰森同日成為代理總理[9]。
總統奥拉维尔·拉格纳·格里姆松其後表示考慮是否舉行新的選舉前執政聯盟的獨立黨及進步黨溝通[10]，而在野黨繼續爭取提前大選[8]。4月6日，西于聚尔宣布「我們準備在秋季舉行選舉。」[11]；到8月11日，布亞尼·本尼迪克特松與在野黨會面，之候宣布選舉在2016年10月29日舉行[3]。
民意調查
上次議會選舉後在冰島各黨派的的民意調查圖表
| 研究所 | 日期 | 左翼－綠色運動 （VG） |
聯盟－冰島社會民主黨 （SJÍ） |
海盜黨 （PP） |
明亮未來 （BF） |
進步黨 （FSF） |
獨立黨 （S） |
改革党 （V） |
其他 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gallup页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/10/28 | 16.5% | 7.4% | 17.9% | 6.8% | 9.3% | 27.0% | 8.8% | |
| MMR页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/10/28 | 16.2% | 6.1% | 20.5% | 6.7% | 11.4% | 24.7% | 8.9% | 5.5% |
| Háskóli Íslands页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/10/27 | 16.8% | 5.7% | 21.2% | 6.7% | 10.1% | 22.5% | 11.4% | 5.5% |
| Fréttablaðið / Stöð 2 / Vísir页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/10/27 | 16.4% | 5.7% | 18.4% | 6.3% | 9.9% | 27.3% | 10.5% | 5.5% |
| MMR页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/10/26 | 16.0% | 7.6% | 19.1% | 8.8% | 10.0% | 21.9% | 9.3% | 7.3% |
| Fréttablaðið / Stöð 2 / Vísir页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/10/26 | 16.4% | 6.0% | 20.3% | 5.1% | 11.2% | 25.1% | 10.8% | 5.1% |
| Háskóli Íslands页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/10/21 | 18.6% | 6.5% | 22.6% | 6.0% | 9.1% | 21.1% | 8.8% | 7.3% |
| Fréttablaðið / Stöð 2 / Vísir页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/10/18 | 19.2% | 6.5% | 20.7% | 7.4% | 8.5% | 23.7% | 6.6% | 7.4% |
| MMR页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/10/14 | 14.5% | 9.0% | 19.6% | 8.2% | 9.2% | 21.4% | 10.2% | 7.9% |
| Háskóli Íslands页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/10/14 | 17.7% | 6.9% | 17.5% | 7.7% | 8.6% | 21.5% | 11.4% | 8.7% |
| Gallup页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/10/14 | 14.5% | 7.1% | 18.3% | 7.7% | 9.8% | 22.6% | 12.4% | 7.6% |
| Fréttablaðið / Stöð 2 / Vísir页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/10/12 | 15.1% | 7.3% | 22.8% | 8.2% | 8.5% | 22.7% | 8.4% | 7.0% |
| Fréttablaðið / Stöð 2 / Vísir页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/10/5 | 12.6% | 8.8% | 19.2% | 6.9% | 11.4% | 25.9% | 6.9% | 8.3% |
| Gallup页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/9/30 | 15.6% | 8.5% | 20.6% | 4.7% | 8.2% | 23.7% | 13.4% | 5.4% |
| Fréttablaðið / Stöð 2 / Vísir页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/9/28 | 12.9% | 5.9% | 19.9% | 3.6% | 12.6% | 34.6% | 7.3% | 3.2% |
| MMR页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/9/26 | 11.5% | 9.3% | 21.6% | 4.9% | 12.2% | 20.6% | 12.3% | 6.7% |
| MMR页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/9/22 | 13.2% | 8.1% | 22.7% | 4.1% | 11.0% | 22.7% | 11.5% | 6.7% |
| Gallup页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/9/16 | 13.5% | 8.8% | 23.1% | 2.9% | 9.4% | 25.5% | 12.2% | 4.6% |
| Fréttablaðið / Stöð 2 / Vísir页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/9/8 | 12.7% | 7.5% | 29.5% | 2.0% | 10.7% | 28.2% | 6.7% | 2.7% |
| Gallup页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/9/6 | 16.2% | 8.3% | 25.8% | 2.9% | 9.0% | 26.3% | 10.6% | 0.9% |
| MMR页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/8/30 | 12.4% | 9.1% | 22.4% | 4.5% | 10.6% | 24.6% | 8.8% | 7.6% |
| Gallup页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/7/29 | 16.8% | 8.0% | 25.3% | 4.2% | 9.9% | 26.2% | 9.0% | 0.6% |
| MMR页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/7/25 | 12.9% | 8.4% | 26.8% | 3.9% | 8.3% | 24.0% | 9.4% | 6.3% |
| MMR页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/7/7 | 18.0% | 10.9% | 24.3% | 2.9% | 6.4% | 25.3% | 6.7% | 5.4% |
| Gallup页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/6/29 | 15.2% | 8.2% | 27.9% | 3.4% | 10.0% | 25.1% | 9.4% | 0.8% |
| Háskóli Íslands页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/6/24 | 17.0% | 9.0% | 28.0% | 4.5% | 9.5% | 19.7% | 9.7% | 2.6% |
| Háskóli Íslands页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/6/14 | 15.9% | 7.6% | 29.9% | 2.9% | 11.1% | 22.7% | 9.1% | 0.8% |
| Háskóli Íslands页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/6/4 | 16.5% | 7.2% | 28.3% | 3.8% | 11.8% | 23.9% | 7.9% | 0.6% |
| Gallup页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/6/1 | 16.8% | 7.7% | 27.4% | 4.0% | 10.2% | 28.5% | 4.3% | 1.1% |
| Fréttablaðið / Stöð 2 / Vísir页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/5/27 | 18.1% | 6.1% | 28.7% | 2.5% | 7.3% | 31.5% | 5.8% | |
| Háskóli Íslands页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/5/17 | 18.9% | 8.9% | 25.8% | 4.8% | 8.2% | 28.2% | 3.5% | 1.7% |
| MMR页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/5/13 | 15.8% | 7.5% | 31.0% | 4.9% | 10.4% | 26.3% | 2.5% | |
| Fréttablaðið页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/5/12 | 19.8% | 7.4% | 30.3% | 3.1% | 6.5% | 31.1% | 1.8% | |
| Fréttablaðið页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/5/6 | 14.0% | 8.4% | 31.8% | 4.0% | 8.3% | 29.9% | 3.6% | |
| MMR页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/5/3 | 14.0% | 9.7% | 28.9% | 3.4% | 11.2% | 27.8% | 5.0% | |
| Gallup页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/4/30 | 18.4% | 8.3% | 26.6% | 5.2% | 10.5% | 27.0% | 3.5% | 0.5% |
| Gallup页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/4/13 | 19.8% | 9.0% | 29.3% | 5.0% | 6.9% | 26.7% | 2.7% | 0.6% |
| Háskóli Íslands页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/4/8 | 14.7% | 9.5% | 30.9% | 4.8% | 12.9% | 23.3% | 3.9% | |
| Maskína页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/4/8 | 20.0% | 7.2% | 34.2% | 5.2% | 9.4% | 21.3% | 2.7% | |
| Gallup页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/4/7 | 16.7% | 7.6% | 32.4% | 5.6% | 10.8% | 21.9% | 3.3% | 1.7% |
| MMR页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/4/6 | 12.8% | 9.9% | 36.7% | 5.8% | 8.7% | 22.5% | 3.6% | |
| Fréttablaðið页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/4/5 | 11.2% | 10.2% | 43.0% | 3.8% | 7.9% | 21.6% | 2.3% | |
| Háskóli Íslands页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/4/5 | 14.9% | 8.1% | 39.4% | 4.4% | 10.0% | 18.8% | 4.4% | |
| Gallup页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/3/31 | 11.0% | 9.5% | 36.1% | 3.2% | 12.0% | 23.2% | 2.1% | 2.9% |
| MMR页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/3/18 | 9.3% | 9.2% | 38.3% | 4.2% | 12.4% | 22.9% | 3.4% | |
| Fréttablaðið页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/3/9 | 8.4% | 8.2% | 38.1% | 1.8% | 12.8% | 27.6% | 3.1% | |
| MMR页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/3/2 | 7.8% | 7.8% | 37.0% | 4.2% | 12.8% | 23.4% | 7% | |
| Gallup页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/3/2 | 10.8% | 9.7% | 35.9% | 3.3% | 11.0% | 23.7% | 5.6% | |
| Gallup页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/2/2 | 10.8% | 9.2% | 35.3% | 3.6% | 12.0% | 24.4% | 4.7% | |
| MMR页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/2/2 | 11.0% | 9.4% | 35.6% | 4.4% | 12.2% | 21.1% | 5.9% | |
| Fréttablaðið页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/1/30 | 9.6% | 9.9% | 41.8% | 1.6% | 10.2% | 23.2% | 3.7% | |
| Gallup页面存档备份，存于 | 2016/1/2 | 10.2% | 10.4% | 33.1% | 4.2% | 12.0% | 25.2% | 4.9% | |
| MMR页面存档备份，存于 | 2015/12/18 | 11.4% | 12.9% | 34.9% | 5.3% | 11.5% | 20.6% | 3.4% | |
| Gallup页面存档备份，存于 | 2015/12/4 | 11.4% | 10.1% | 32.9% | 3.9% | 12.0% | 24.8% | 4.9% | |
| MMR页面存档备份，存于 | 2015/11/16 | 9.9% | 10.5% | 35.3% | 4.6% | 10.8% | 23.7% | 5.2% | |
| Gallup页面存档备份，存于 | 2015/11/4 | 11.1% | 10.6% | 35.5% | 4.6% | 9.6% | 24.6% | 4.4% | |
| MMR页面存档备份，存于 | 2015/10/21 | 11.8% | 11.3% | 34.2% | 6.5% | 10.4% | 21.7% | 4.1% | |
| Gallup页面存档备份，存于 | 2015/10/2 | 10.6% | 10.1% | 34.6% | 5.6% | 10.1% | 24.4% | 4.6% | |
| MMR页面存档备份，存于 | 2015/9/3 | 9.6% | 10.6% | 33.0% | 5.8% | 11.4% | 25.3% | 4.3% | |
| Gallup页面存档备份，存于 | 2015/9/1 | 11.8% | 9.3% | 35.9% | 4.4% | 11.1% | 21.7% | 5.8% | |
| Gallup页面存档备份，存于 | 2015/8/7 | 8.9% | 12.2% | 32.3% | 5.0% | 12.4% | 24.0% | 5.2% | |
| MMR页面存档备份，存于 | 2015/8/4 | 10.2% | 9.6% | 35.0% | 4.4% | 12.2% | 23.1% | 5.5% | |
| MMR页面存档备份，存于 | 2015/6/30 | 12.0% | 9.3% | 33.2% | 5.6% | 10.6% | 23.8% | 5.5% | |
| Rúv页面存档备份，存于 | 2015/6/29 | 10.3% | 11.4% | 32.0% | 6.4% | 11.3% | 24.5% | 4.1% | |
| MMR页面存档备份，存于 | 2015/6/25 | 10.5% | 11.6% | 32.4% | 6.8% | 10.0% | 23.3% | 5.4% | |
| FBL页面存档备份，存于 | 2015/6/19 | 7.3% | 11.1% | 37.5% | 3.3% | 8.5% | 29.5% | 2.8% | |
| MMR页面存档备份，存于 | 2015/6/16 | 11.1% | 11.8% | 34.5% | 6.7% | 11.3% | 21.2% | 3.5% | |
| Gallup页面存档备份，存于 | 2015/6/1 | 9.8% | 12.4% | 34.1% | 7.4% | 8.9% | 23.0% | 4.3% | |
| MMR页面存档备份，存于 | 2015/5/26 | 10.4% | 13.1% | 32.7% | 6.3% | 8.6% | 23.1% | 5.6% | |
| MMR页面存档备份，存于 | 2015/5/4 | 10.8% | 10.7% | 32.0% | 8.3% | 10.8% | 21.9% | 5.5% | |
| Gallup页面存档备份，存于 | 2015/4/30 | 10.6% | 14.1% | 30.1% | 7.8% | 10.1% | 22.9% | 4.4% | |
| Gallup页面存档备份，存于 | 2015/3/30 | 10.1% | 15.8% | 21.7% | 10.9% | 10.8% | 25.0% | 5.7% | |
| Kjarninn页面存档备份，存于 | 2015/3/26 | 10.2% | 16.1% | 23.6% | 10.1% | 11.0% | 24.8% | 4.2% | |
| MMR页面存档备份，存于 | 2015/3/21 | 9.0% | 16.3% | 29.1% | 9.0% | 11.6% | 23.4% | 1.7% | |
| MMR页面存档备份，存于 | 2015/3/18 | 10.8% | 15.5% | 23.9% | 10.3% | 11.0% | 23.4% | 5.1% | |
| Fréttablaðið 页面存档备份，存于 | 2015/3/11 | 10.4% | 16.1% | 21.9% | 9.2% | 10.1% | 28.0% | 4.3% | |
| Rúv 页面存档备份，存于 | 2015/3/2 | 11.2% | 17.1% | 15.2% | 13.3% | 11.0% | 26.1% | 6.1% | |
| MMR页面存档备份，存于 | 2015/2/19 | 12.9% | 14.5% | 12.8% | 15.0% | 13.1% | 25.5% | 6.2% | |
| Gallup | 2015/2/3 | 11.0% | 18.0% | 12.0% | 13.0% | 13.0% | 27.0% | 6.0% | |
| MMR | 2015/1/14 | 11.9% | 15.9% | 12.8% | 16.9% | 9.4% | 27.3% | 5.8% | |
| Mbl页面存档备份，存于 | 2014/12/16 | 11.6% | 16.1% | 11.4% | 16.2% | 11.0% | 29.0% | 4.7% | |
| Fréttablaðið页面存档备份，存于 | 2014/11/17 | 13.1% | 19.2% | 9.2% | 12.5% | 12.8% | 32.9% | ||
| MMR页面存档备份，存于 | 2014/11/4 | 10.7% | 16.1% | 11.3% | 18.6% | 12.3% | 23.6% | 7.4% | |
| Gallup | 2014/10/3 | 13.0% | 19.0% | 7.0% | 16.0% | 12.0% | 27.0% | ||
| MMR页面存档备份，存于 | 2014/9/8 | 10.4% | 16.9% | 9.2% | 17.8% | 11.3% | 28.2% | 6.2% | |
| MMR页面存档备份，存于 | 2014/8/28 | 9.6% | 20.3% | 10.3% | 17.6% | 9.6% | 26.6% | 6.0% | |
| MMR页面存档备份，存于 | 2014/7/31 | 11.6% | 17.0% | 9.6% | 19.2% | 11.8% | 24.1% | 6.7% | |
| MMR页面存档备份，存于 | 2014/6/24 | 11.4% | 16.5% | 8.3% | 21.8% | 11.4% | 25.0% | 5.6% | |
| MMR页面存档备份，存于 | 2014/5/13 | 11.6% | 16.4% | 9.6% | 19.4% | 12.3% | 22.1% | 8.6% | |
| MMR页面存档备份，存于 | 2014/5/2 | 11.7% | 17.4% | 9.0% | 15.5% | 14.1% | 25.1% | 7.2% | |
| MMR页面存档备份，存于 | 2014/4/14 | 11.5% | 15.1% | 11.0% | 17.1% | 14.4% | 23.9% | 7.0% | |
| MMR页面存档备份，存于 | 2014/3/3 | 10.4% | 14.0% | 9.3% | 16.4% | 14.6% | 29.0% | 5.6% | |
| RÚV页面存档备份，存于 | 2014/2/27 | 13.0% | 16.8% | 9.8% | 15.8% | 15.3% | 23.7% | 5.6% | |
| Capacent页面存档备份，存于 | 2014/2/1 | 12.7% | 14.9% | 8.1% | 14.2% | 18.3% | 26.9% | ||
| MMR页面存档备份，存于 | 2014/1/22 | 11.0% | 17.1% | 6.9% | 15.9% | 17.0% | 26.3% | 5.6% | |
| Capacent页面存档备份，存于 | 2013/12/24 | 13.3% | 15.1% | 10.7% | 13.1% | 16.4% | 25.3% | ||
| MMR页面存档备份，存于 | 2013/11/30 | 12.6% | 13.8% | 9.0% | 15.2% | 15.0% | 26.8% | ||
| 2013結果 | 2013/4/28 | 10.87% | 12.85% | 5.10% | 8.25% | 24.43% | 26.70% | ||
| 研究所 | 日期 | 左翼－綠色運動 （VG） |
聯盟－冰島社會民主黨 （SJÍ） |
海盜黨 （PP） |
光明未來 （BF） |
進步黨 （FSF） |
獨立黨 （S） |
改革党 （V） |
其他 |
選舉結果
| 政黨 | 票數 | % | 議席 | +/– | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 獨立黨 | 54,990 | 29.00 | 21 | +2 | |
| 左翼－綠色運動 | 30,166 | 15.91 | 10 | +3 | |
| 海盜黨 | 27,449 | 14.48 | 10 | +7 | |
| 進步黨 | 21,791 | 11.49 | 8 | –11 | |
| 改革党 | 19,870 | 10.48 | 7 | 新 | |
| 光明未來 | 13,578 | 7.16 | 4 | –2 | |
| 联盟－冰岛社会民主党 | 10,893 | 5.74 | 3 | –6 | |
| 人民黨 | 6,707 | 3.54 | 0 | 新 | |
| 黎明 | 3,275 | 1.73 | 0 | 0 | |
| 冰岛人民阵线 | 575 | 0.30 | 0 | 0 | |
| 冰岛民族阵线 | 303 | 0.16 | 0 | 新 | |
| 人文主義黨 | 33 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | |
| 廢票/白票 | 5,574 | – | – | – | |
| 總計 | 195,204 | 100 | 63 | 0 | |
| 註冊選民/投票率 | 246,515 | 79.19 | – | – | |
| 來源：Iceland Monitor页面存档备份，存于 | |||||
備註
- 海盜黨沒有正式領導人，但比爾基塔是議會內的黨主席。[1]
參考資料
- MintPress News, 19 May 2016
- Kosningar í haust - Lilja verður ráðherra 页面存档备份，存于 RÚV, 6 April 2016
- . MBL. 11 August 2016 [11 August 2016]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-14） （冰岛语）.
- Electoral system 页面存档备份，存于 IPU
- Iceland’s PM faces calls for snap election after offshore revelations 页面存档备份，存于 The Guardian, 3 April 2016
- . The Reykjavik Grapevine. [2016-08-24]. （原始内容存档于2016-04-06）.
- . Reuters UK. [2016-04-05]. （原始内容存档于2016-04-05） （英国英语）.
- Panama Papers: Iceland PM Sigmundur Gunnlaugsson steps down 页面存档备份，存于 BBC News, 6 April 2012
- Henley, Jon. . The Guardian. 5 April 2016 [6 April 2016]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-14）.
- Iceland swears in new PM amid Panama Papers fallout 页面存档备份，存于 CNN, 7 April 2016
- Panama papers: Iceland names PM replacement 页面存档备份，存于 BBC News, 7 April 2016
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