B級片

B级片（英語：或）是指低成本制作的商业电影，而并非文艺片。在最初的定义裏，B级片指的是在好莱坞黄金时代中以双片连映形式发行的电影中相对不为人知的那部影片。这个定义有点类似唱片行业里的B面歌。但是在现在的美国电影产业中，虽然双片连映的制作发行方式已经在1950年代末逐步消失，但是B级片却有了更广泛的定义。在后黄金时代的使用场景中，双方的定义都有歧义。一方面，B级片被主要认为是剥削电影，其特征就是淫秽的；而另一方面B级片又被认为展示出了电影的高工艺水平及美学创造力。

由“B级片之王”称号的罗杰·科曼于1963年为美国国际影业拍摄的《魔鸦》，他担任该片的制片与导演。文森特·普莱斯领衔主演；多名性格演员参演，其中包括年轻的杰克·尼科尔森。
B級片
  • 低成本电影
  • 好莱坞黄金时代
  • 1950年代过渡时期
  • 开发热潮
  • 1980年代以后
  • Z级片

在这两种用法中，大多数B级片都被认为代表了一种特定的电影类型。西部片是B级片的黄金时代；而低成本科幻电影和恐怖电影则在1950年代开始变得受欢迎。在早期的系列B级片里，相同的演员总是反复饰演相同的角色。但是B级片的片长总是短于那些顶级制作的电影[1]，基本上都在70分钟以内。因此导致当时的观众认为B级片不如那些大制作电影，并且也会让很多影评人忽略个别B级片。

现代的B级片虽然还会激发多部续集电影的制作，但是已经很少看到系列电影的出现。并且随着大制作电影的平均放映时长的增加，B级片的片长也开始增加。在当今的用法中，B级片的定义依旧存在矛盾。现代的B级片可能是那种没有什么艺术野心的类型电影；也可能是那些既不受强加给大制作电影的约束，也不受公认“严肃独立电影”传统束缚的那些活泼且充满活力的电影。同时，这个术语也可以泛指一些高预算且内容带有剥削性质的主流电影，它们通常与传统的B级片相关类型片有关。

从一开始到今天，B级片为从事电影行业的人和其他事业而遭受衰败的人提供了机会。安东尼·曼、乔纳森·戴米等知名电影人都是从B级片开始锻炼自己的制作能力；也是约翰·韦恩、杰克·尼科尔森等著名影星职业生涯的开始；同时还给前电影明星文森特·普莱斯和凯伦·布莱克提供了继续事业的机遇。而有些演员，如：贝拉·洛戈西、埃迪·康斯坦丁、布鲁斯·坎贝尔、帕姆·格里尔等，则将他们职业生涯的大部分作品贡献给了B级片。B级演员有时就指那些在专门或主要拍摄B级片的电影演员。

衍生术语

C级片以及更为常见的Z级片所描述的电影和B级片比起来，品質逐级降低。与免下车电影、午夜场电影与特定历史现象相关的名词相较，C级片和Z级片更像是B级片的同义词。

C级片

C级片指的是比B级片更低端的电影类型；或者在某些电影的分类方法中，C级片指的是仅次于B级片的低端电影类型[2]。1980年代，随着有线电视的兴起，C级片以越来越高的频率作为低质量类型电影的代名词而出现，而这些电影大多用于填充有线电视市场。此后，C级片中的“”有了双重含义，一方面指该类影片质量低于B级片，另一方面则指代有线电视的英语“”的首字母。

Z级片

WE Hawt

参考资料

脚注
  1. . Encyclopædia Britannica. [2020-05-09]. （原始内容存档于2020-05-13）.
  2. Megumi Komiya 2012

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